摘要  

       在中国，由于越来越多地使用牲畜粪便作为施肥手段，在农业中普遍使用抗生素被认为是一种潜在的公共卫生风险。通过这样做，这可能会增加抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 从动物到土壤和植物的转移。在这项研究中，研究了两种主要作物（水稻和小麦）在不同施肥方式下的 ARG 富集。在这里，我们对种植水稻或小麦的土壤微观世界应用了 4 种处理，即不施肥、矿物肥料、清洁（减少抗生素使用）和脏（当前抗生素使用）猪粪，以研究施肥对土壤中 ARGs 丰度的影响。各自的叶际。对于水稻和小麦，样品是在两个不同的施肥期后收集的。从所有水稻和小麦样品中总共检测到 162 个独特的 ARG 和 5 个移动遗传元件 (MGE)。与未施肥处理相比，添加清洁和脏粪显着提高了 ARG 丰度（P<0.001），尽管在所有水稻和小麦样品中，清洁粪比脏粪富集 ARG 的程度要小（P<0.001）。记录的 ARG 类别因作物而异，小麦样品的 ARG 多样性高于水稻。这些结果表明，当清洁和肮脏的猪粪用于施肥时，中国的主要作物如水稻和小麦可能是 ARGs 的储存库。

       In China, the common use of antibiotics in agriculture is recognized as a potential public health risk through the increasing use of livestock derived manure as a means of fertilization. By doing so this may increase the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from animals, to soils and plants. In this study two staple crops (rice and wheat) were investigated for ARG enrichment under differing fertilization regimes. Here, we applied 4 treatments, no fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, clean (reduced antibiotic practice) and dirty (current antibiotic practice) pig manure, to soil microcosms planted with either rice or wheat, to investigate fertilization effects on the abundance of ARGs in the respective phyllospheres. For both rice and wheat, samples were collected after two separate fertilization periods. In total, 162 unique ARGs and 5 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected from all rice and wheat samples. The addition of both clean and dirty manure, enhanced ARG abundance significantly when compared to no fertilizer treatments (P < 0.001), though clean manure enriched ARGs to a lesser extent than dirty manure, in all rice and wheat samples (P < 0.001). The classes of ARGs recorded were different between crops, with wheat samples having a higher ARG diversity than rice. These results revealed that staple crops in China such as rice and wheat may be a reservoir for ARGs when clean and dirty pig manure is used for fertilization.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749119303586