摘要

用小麦 - 大豆种植系统进行了一项为期30年的田间试验，以比较长期人类活动对土壤ARGs的影响。与化肥相比，长期施用猪粪导致38个ARGs的发生率和7个ARGs的丰度( tetL、tetB ( P )、tetO、tetW、su1、ermB和ermF )显著增加。施用麦秸和牛粪对ARG含量影响不大，但是牛粪使tetM和tetW含量达到可检测水平。观察到土壤中的厚壁菌门，γ-变形菌门和巴氏杆菌和ARG的相对丰度显着相关。整合酶基因I1 ( inti 1 )通常与抗生素耐药基因相关，在猪粪处理土壤中显著增加，并显示与受猪粪显著影响的ARGs丰度呈高度正相关。粪肥处理土壤中铜、锌、铅含量也有所增加，且与inti 1和大部分ARGs的相对丰度呈正相关。这些结果表明，长期施用动物粪便污染了土壤，特别是猪粪，并且应该将其作为未来管理计划的一部分进行审查。

A 30 year field experiment with a wheat-soybean cropping system were performed to compare the long-term anthropogenic influence on soil ARGs. Compared with chemical fertilization, the occurrence of 38 ARGs and the abundance of seven ARGs (tetL, tetB(P), tetO, tetW, sul1, ermB, and ermF) were significantly increased by long term exposure of pig manure. However, application of wheat straw and cow manure not substantially affected the abundance of ARGs except cow manure increased the abundance of tetM and tetW to a detectable level. Relative abundance of Firmicutes, Gammaproteobacteria andBacteroidetes and ARGs observed in the soil were significantly correlated. Integrase gene I1 (intI1) is commonly linked to genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, it was significantly increased in pig manure treated soils and showed a high positive correlation with the abundance of ARGs which were significantly affected by pig manure. Concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb were also increased in manure treated soil and positive correlated with the relative abundance of intI1and most of the ARGs. These results indicated that long-term animal manure application to soils has polluted the soil, especially for pig manure, and it should be scrutinized as part of future stewardship programs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438941730479X