摘要

       抗生素耐药性是一种日益重要的环境污染物，对人类健康产生直接影响。识别抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的环境来源可以跟踪它们的进化并防止它们进入临床环境。已经在原始来源的外源环境来源中发现了 ARG，之前的研究表明，这些基因能够从牲畜转移到人类。由于农业的性质和屠宰反刍动物作为食物，人类与这些动物近距离接触，因此考虑对人类健康的风险很重要。在这项研究中，我们表征了绵羊瘤胃中的 ARG 种群，称为抵抗组。这是使用综合抗生素抗性数据库 (CARD) 完成的，以确定瘤胃内是否存在赋予抗生素抗性的基因。基因被成功地定位到那些对总共 30 种不同抗生素产生抗性的基因上。达托霉素被确定为存在抗性的最常见抗生素，这表明反刍动物可能是达托霉素 ARG 的来源。还发现由基因 pmrE 赋予的粘菌素抗性存在于所有样品中，平均丰度为 800 次。由于某些 ARG（针对达托霉素）的丰度较高，并且存在稀有 ARG（针对粘菌素），我们建议进一步研究和监测瘤胃抗性组，将其作为临床相关 ARG 的可能来源。

       Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly important environmental pollutant with direct consequences for human health. Identification of environmental sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) makes it possible to follow their evolution and prevent their entry into the clinical setting. ARGs have been found in environmental sources exogenous to the original source and previous studies have shown that these genes are capable of being transferred from livestock to humans. Due to the nature of farming and the slaughter of ruminants for food, humans interact with these animals in close proximity, and for this reason it is important to consider the risks to human health. In this study, we characterised the ARG populations in the ovine rumen, termed the resistome. This was done using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to identify the presence of genes conferring resistance to antibiotics within the rumen. Genes were successfully mapped to those that confer resistance to a total of 30 different antibiotics. Daptomycin was identified as the most common antibiotic for which resistance is present, suggesting that ruminants may be a source of daptomycin ARGs. Colistin resistance, conferred by the gene pmrE, was also found to be present within all samples, with an average abundance of 800 counts. Due to the high abundance of some ARGs (against daptomycin) and the presence of rare ARGs (against colistin), we suggest further study and monitoring of the rumen resistome as a possible source of clinically relevant ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117334243