摘要

       抗生素耐药性在细菌中是天然的，并且早于人类使用抗生素。已发现许多抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 可赋予对多种抗生素的抗性。自然环境中的 ARG 在特定的细菌代谢网络中高度整合并受到严格调控。然而，在人类医学和农业实践中使用抗生素所带来的抗生素选择压力导致抗生素耐药性显着增加和细菌中 ARG 的稳定积累。在这篇综述中，我们着重从生态的角度总结了自然环境、人类和动物细菌群落中集体 ARG（抗生素抗性组）的重要研究进展，即在一个健康环境中。抗性基因在自然界的流动是“从自然环境”和“到自然环境”；人类和动物作为中间接受者和传播者，对这种抗性基因的“循环”做出了巨大贡献。

       The antibiotic resistance is natural in bacteria and predates the human use of antibiotics. Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been discovered to confer resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The ARGs in natural environments are highly integrated and tightly regulated in specific bacterial metabolic networks. However, the antibiotic selection pressure conferred by the use of antibiotics in both human medicine and agriculture practice leads to a significant increase of antibiotic resistance and a steady accumulation of ARGs in bacteria. In this review, we summarized, with an emphasis on an ecological point of view, the important research progress regarding the collective ARGs (antibiotic resistome) in bacterial communities of natural environments, human and animals, i.e., in the one health settings.We propose that the resistance gene flow in nature is “from the natural environments” and “to the natural environments”; human and animals, as intermediate recipients and disseminators, contribute greatly to such a resistance gene “circulation.”

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11684-017-0531-x