摘要

随着水产养殖业的快速发展，大量污染物排放到水体环境中，其中检测出的抗生素耐药基因( ARGs )因其对生态环境和人类健康的潜在威胁而日益受到重视。因此，评估了海水养殖对ARGs的影响，并解释了其传播的基本机制。选取黄河三角洲国家公园的底泥作为非养殖对照，沿海水养殖排水沟收集8个采样点底泥。应用微生物ARGs qPCR阵列和16S rRNA基因的illumina测序技术，研究了ARGs和细菌群落的变化规律。结果表明，海水养殖对18种ARGs（3种氟喹诺酮类，1种氨基糖苷类，3种大环内酯类 - 林可酰胺 - 链球菌素B，2种四环素类和9种β-内酰胺类抗性基因）有影响，海水养殖沉积物中ARGs丰度和多样性显着增加（p < 0.05）。细菌群落结构和组成也发生了显著变化。河口样品中大多数ARGs的丰度显著降低，说明海水对养殖区ARGs的排放有明显的稀释作用。部分冗余分析表明，营养物质、重金属和细菌群落直接和间接的促进ARGs的传播，说明ARGs的分布和传播是多种因素共同作用的结果。

With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of pollutants were discharged into the aquatic environment, where the detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention due to their potential threats to ecological environment and human health. Thus, the impact of mariculture on ARGs was assessed and the underlying mechanism of their propagation was explained. Sediments from eight sampling sites were collected along a mariculture drainage ditch, and the sediment in Yellow River Delta National Park was used as a non-mariculture control. Microbial ARGs qPCR array and illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene were applied to examine the changing patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities. Results showed that 18 ARGs (3 fluoroquinolone, 1 aminoglycoside, 3 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, 2 tetracycline, and 9 beta-lactam resistance genes) were influenced by mariculture, and ARGs abundance and diversity were significantly increased in mariculture sediments (p < 0.05). A remarkable shift in bacterial community structure and composition was also observed. The abundance of most of ARGs were significantly decreased in the estuary samples, implying that seawater had a significant dilution effect on the ARGs emission from the mariculture sites. Partial redundancy analysis showed that nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria communities might directly and indirectly contribute to ARGs propagation, suggesting that the profile and dissemination of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of multiple factors in mariculture-impacted sites.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116319492