摘要

       本研究首次调查了 28 种多类兽药和抗生素 (PhAC) 及其相应抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 在全规模农场牲畜废物处理厂中的分布和归宿。该工厂依赖多种技术，包括：厌氧消化 (AD)、固液分离和液体消化物的两级反渗透 (RO)。四环素、氟喹诺酮、林可酰胺和截短侧耳素抗生素以及抗蠕虫药（氟苯达唑）和抗炎药（氟尼辛）是牲畜粪便和屠宰场污泥中最常检测到的化合物。最后一部分在 AD 过程中用作共底物，并被证明是 PhAC 和 ARG 的重要输入源。在处理性能方面，AD 表现出中到低的 PhACs 和 ARGs 减少，而消化物中存在的大部分 PhACs（<50%）在固液分离后分布到固体部分。固体和液体消化物都具有相对较高的 ARG 拷贝数。最后，对于大多数目标 PhAC，RO 对所有 PhAC 显示出高排斥率（<90%），渗透物中的浓度在低 ng L-1 范围内。然而，在渗透物中检测到中等拷贝数的 ARG。

       This study investigated, for the first time, the distribution and fate of 28 multiple-class veterinary pharmaceuticals and antibiotics (PhACs), and their corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), in a full-scale on-farm livestock waste treatment plant. The plant relies on several technologies, including: anaerobic digestion (AD), solid-liquid separation, and two stages reverse osmosis (RO) of the liquid digestate. Tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, lincosamide and pleuromutilin antibiotics, together with anti-helmintic (flubendazole) and anti-inflammatory (flunixin) drugs were the most frequently detected compounds in livestock waste and in slaughterhouse sludge. This last fraction is used as co-substrate in the AD process and showed to be an important input source of PhACs and ARGs. In terms of treatment performance, AD exhibited moderate to low PhACs and ARGs reduction, while a large fraction (<50%) of the PhACs present in the digestate were distributed onto the solid fraction, after solid-liquid separation. Both solid and liquid digestates had relatively high copy numbers of ARGs. Finally, RO showed high rejection percentages for all PhACs (<90%), with concentrations in the low ng L−1 range in permeates, for most target PhACs. Nevertheless, moderate copy numbers of ARGs were detected in permeates.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389419306594