摘要

       抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 经常在不同的介质中检测到，例如废水、污水污泥和牲畜粪便。 ARGs 已被证明对我们的环境有越来越多的威胁，因为它们的物种和总丰度的增加引起了更多的关注，尤其是在水平基因转移 (HGT) 中。整合子是通过 HGT 传递 ARGs 的重要形式的移动基因元件，被证明对人类具有很高的风险，而主要的整合子 1 类整合子 (intl1) 是基因水平转移过程的标志。四环素、磺胺类、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类、甲氧苄啶和喹诺酮类质粒介导的耐药基因，在各种培养基和不同的处理过程中经常检测到，据报道与 intl1 具有显着相关性。考虑到 ARGs 的风险，特别是与 intl1 相关的那些，从水、污泥和牲畜粪便中去除 intl1 和相关的 ARGs 最近引起了更多的关注。因此，本文综述了intl1和相关ARGs在水深度处理、污泥和牲畜粪便消化和堆肥过程中的机制和去除。此外，还讨论了目前该领域研究的局限性，并提出了未来研究的重点。

       Antibiotics resistant genes (ARGs) are frequently detected in different media, such as wastewater, sewage sludge, and livestock manure. ARGs have been evidenced to have more and more threats to our environment because of their increase in species and total abundances causing more attention especially in horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The integron, an important form of mobile gene elements transfer ARGs through HGT, is demonstrated to have a high risk to human beings, and the class 1 integron (intl1), a predominant integron, is a marker of the process of horizontal gene transfer. Tetracycline, sulfonamides, macrolide, beta-lactam, trimethoprim, and quinolone plasmid-mediated resistance genes, which are frequently detected in various media and different treatment processes, have been reported to have significant correlations with intl1. Considering the risk of ARGs, especially those associated with intl1, the removal of intl1 and associated ARGs from water, sludge and livestock manure has attracted much more attention recently. Therefore, the mechanism and removal of intl1 and associated ARGs in water depth treatment, sludge and livestock manure digestion and composting process are reviewed in this paper. Besides, the limitation of the current study in this field is discussed, and the key points in the future investigation are provided.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11157-018-9469-y