摘要

       粪便传播的抗菌素和抗菌素抗性基因 (ARGs) 是环境问题，因为它们有可能通过植物吸收转移到食物网中。在这项研究中，Zea mays L. 种子在三种不同的土壤条件下生长：不含乳粪的土壤、乳粪改良的土壤和添加了抗菌剂的乳粪改良的土壤，以研究粪便中存在的抗菌剂和 ARG 的潜在吸收。添加了抗菌剂的粪肥由添加了 1mg/Kg 每种属于磺胺类和四环素类的抗菌化合物的奶牛粪组成。在三周的过程中收获了 Zea mays L. 植物的样本，以确定从土壤到植物芽的抗微生物剂的潜在吸收，并比较粪便改良土壤和植物组织中 ARG 的流行率。使用液相色谱串联质谱 (LC-MS/MS) 进行抗菌分析，并使用定量聚合酶链反应 (qPCR) 分析 ARG（sul1、tetO 和 OXA-1）。研究发现，四环素和磺胺二甲嘧啶抗菌剂在玉米中生物蓄积，分别达到近 3000 ng/g 和 1260 ng/g 的浓度。四环素残留在土壤中占主导地位，而磺胺类药物主要在玉米组织中生物积累。 Zea mays L. 组织内的最大平均吸收因子对于四环素是 8，对于磺胺是 110，这表明磺胺的生物蓄积性更大。此外，仅在施肥后才在土壤中检测到三种 ARG（sul1、tetO 和 OXA-1）。然而，在任何植物样品中均未检测到 ARG。

       Manure-borne antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are of environmental concern due to their potential to be transferred into the food-web via plant-uptake. In this study, Zea mays L. seeds were grown in three different soil conditions: soil without dairy manure, dairy manure-amended soil, and antimicrobial spiked dairy manure-amended soil, to investigate the potential uptake of antimicrobials and ARGs present in manure. The antimicrobial spiked manure consisted of dairy manure fortified with 1 mg/Kg of each individual antimicrobial compounds belonging to the sulfonamide and tetracycline classes. Samples of the Zea mays L. plants were harvested over the course of three weeks to determine potential uptake of antimicrobials from soil to plant shoots, and to compare prevalence of ARGs in manure amended soils and plant tissue. Antimicrobial analysis was performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ARGs (sul1, tetO, and OXA-1) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The study found that both tetracycline and sulfamerazine antimicrobials bioaccumulated in the Zea mays L., reaching concentrations of nearly 3000 ng/g and 1260 ng/g, respectively. Tetracycline residues predominated in the soil, while sulfonamides had mainly bioaccumulated in Zea mays L. tissue. The greatest average uptake factor within the Zea mays L. tissue was 8 for tetracyclines and 110 for sulfonamides indicating larger bioaccumulation of sulfonamides. Additionally, three ARGs (sul1, tetO, and OXA-1) were detected in the soil, only after manure application. However, ARGs were not detected in any of the plant samples.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969718326901