摘要

含抗生素残留的畜禽粪便作为有机肥应用于农田，会对农田生态环境造成长期的潜在威胁。本研究分析了猪粪施用对农田土壤典型抗生素和抗性基因( ARGs )的抑制作用以及对土壤生态系统多功能性( EMF )的影响。结果表明，多花黑麦草与生物炭结合使用时，典型抗生素和ARGs的减少明显强于单独使用时（p <0.05）。抗生素的消散显著显着增强了土壤功能（呼吸，氨化和硝化作用）（p <0.05）。通过建立结构方程模型，研究了不同处理系统中抗生素和ARGs对土壤电动势的影响。 单独使用黑麦草和与生物炭结合处理植物根对物理结构和EMF有直接的积极影响（p <0.001）。 土壤物理结构的改善直接促进了抗生素和ARGs的减量（p <0.01）。 施用生物炭后，土壤pH和微量元素对抗生素和ARGs的作用较弱。 植物根系是促进含有抗生素和ARGs的土壤EMF的最重要因素。

The application of animal manure containing antibiotic residues to farmlands as an organic fertilizer causes a long-term potential threat to the ecological environment of farmland. This study analyzed the effects of abating typical antibiotics and resistance genes (ARGs) applied with pig manure on farmland soil as well as on soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) and its influencing factor. The results showed that Lolium multiflorum exhibited significantly stronger abatement of typical antibiotics and ARGs when combined with biochar than when used alone (p < 0.05). The dissipation of antibiotics significantly enhanced the soil functions (respiratory, ammonification, and nitrification activities) (p < 0.05). A structural equation model was established to explore the effects of abating antibiotics and ARGs in different treatment systems on soil EMF. The treatment of plant roots with ryegrass alone and in combination with biochar exerted direct positive effects on the physical structure and EMF (p < 0.001). The improvement in soil physical structure directly promoted the abatement of antibiotics and ARGs (p < 0.01). Soil pH and trace elements exerted weaker effects on antibiotics and ARGs after the application of biochar. Plant roots were the most important factor in promoting the EMF of soil containing antibiotics and ARGs.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b00693