摘要

       人类肠道微生物群是抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的重要储存库。宏基因组学方法和网络分析被用来建立一个全面的抗生素抗性组目录，并获得来自 11 个不同国家的 180 名健康个体的粪便样本中 ARG 和微生物分类群之间的共现模式。总共检测到属于 20 个 ARG 类型的 507 个 ARG 亚型，丰度范围从 7.12 × 10−7 到 2.72 × 10−1 ARG 拷贝/16S-rRNA 基因拷贝。四环素、多药、大环内酯-林可酰胺-链霉素、杆菌肽、万古霉素、β-内酰胺和氨基糖苷类抗性基因是前七种最丰富的 ARG 类型。多药 ABC 转运蛋白、aadE、bacA、acrB、tetM、tetW、vanR 和 vanS 被所有 180 个人共享，表明它们在人类肠道中很常见。与来自其他 10 个国家的人口相比，中国人口拥有最丰富的 ARG。此外，LEfSe 分析表明 MLS 抗性类型及其亚型“ermF”是中国人群的代表性 ARG。抗生素灭活、抗生素靶点改变和抗生素外排是所有人群中的主要耐药机制类别。 Procrustes 分析表明，微生物系统发育构成了抗生素抗性组。通过网络分析获得的共现模式暗示 12 个物种可能是 58 个 ARG 亚型的潜在宿主。

       The human gut microbiota is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A metagenomic approach and network analysis were used to establish a comprehensive antibiotic resistome catalog and to obtain co-occurrence patterns between ARGs and microbial taxa in fecal samples from 180 healthy individuals from 11 different countries. In total, 507 ARG subtypes belonging to 20 ARG types were detected with abundances ranging from 7.12 × 10−7 to 2.72 × 10−1 copy of ARG/copy of 16S-rRNA gene. Tetracycline, multidrug, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, bacitracin, vancomycin, beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance genes were the top seven most abundant ARG types. The multidrug ABC transporter, aadE, bacA, acrB, tetM, tetW, vanR and vanS were shared by all 180 individuals, suggesting their common occurrence in the human gut. Compared to populations from the other 10 countries, the Chinese population harboured the most abundant ARGs. Moreover, LEfSe analysis suggested that the MLS resistance type and its subtype ‘ermF’ were representative ARGs of the Chinese population. Antibiotic inactivation, antibiotic target alteration and antibiotic efflux were the dominant resistance mechanism categories in all populations. Procrustes analysis revealed that microbial phylogeny structured the antibiotic resistome. Co-occurrence patterns obtained via network analysis implied that 12 species might be potential hosts of 58 ARG subtypes.

https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1462-2920.14009