摘要

       本研究的目的是通过靶向韩国流通式水产养殖废水中的固体废物来研究抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的减少。滤液中悬浮固体的含量约为 12.5 ± 2.3 mg/L，对应于 68.8 ± 5.7% 的去除效率，而与过滤孔尺寸的变化无关。使用 25 μm 的过滤器孔径将流出物中的颗粒总数减少到最少的颗粒数，对应的去除效率为 40.3%。在对四环素类、β-内酰胺类抗生素、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、氟苯尼考和多药耐药的 23 个 ARG 中，四环素类耐药基因最为普遍，相对丰度为 67.5%。在分析的 11 个四环素抗性基因（tetA、tetB、tetD、tetE、tetG、tetH、tetM、tetQ、tetX、tetZ、tetB/P）中，tetG 的相对丰度在流出物中最高。取决于过滤器孔的大小，颗粒总数的去除效率与 ARG 的去除效率显示出相似的模式。滤液中 ARGs 的水平降低到流出物中 ARGs 水平的约 60.5%。过滤孔径为 25 μm 时，最大去除效率为 66.0%。特别是，检测到的四环素抗性基因的相对丰度只有在通过过滤器后才会下降，这可能反映了来自养鱼场的颗粒中存在大量四环素抗性基因。使用基于 16S rRNA 基因的 Illumina 测序，发现流出物中的优势门是拟杆菌门、变形菌门、浮生菌门和疣微菌门。虽然通过过滤测试细菌群落的整体组成没有显着改变，但只有拟杆菌和变形杆菌的相对丰度发生了变化。这些结果表明，水产养殖设施中的过滤过程可用于减少来自水产养殖场的固体废物和 ARG。

       The objective of this study was to investigate reduction in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via targeting solid waste in effluent from a flow-through aquaculture in South Korea. The level of suspended solids in the filtrates was approximately 12.5 ± 2.3 mg/L, corresponding to a removal efficiency of 68.8 ± 5.7% irrespective of variations in the size of the filter pores. The total number of particles in the effluent was reduced to the lowest numbers of particles using a filter pore size of 25 μm, corresponding to a removal efficiency of 40.3%. Among the 23 ARGs conferring resistance to tetracyclines, beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, florfenicol and multidrug, tetracycline resistance genes were the most prevalent with a relative abundance of 67.5%. Of eleven tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetH, tetM, tetQ, tetX, tetZ, tetB/P) analyzed, the relative abundance of tetG was the highest in the effluent. The removal efficiency of the total number of particles showed similar patterns to the removal efficiency of ARGs depending on the size of the filter pores. Levels of ARGs in the filtrates were reduced to approximately 60.5% of those of the ARGs in the effluents. With a filter pore size of 25 μm, a maximum removal efficiency of 66.0% was achieved. In particular, the relative abundance of detected tetracycline resistance genes decreased only after passing through the filters, perhaps reflecting the presence of high quantities of tetracycline resistance genes in particles from the fish farm. Using Illumina sequencing based on a 16S rRNA gene, the dominant phyla were found to be Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia in the effluent. Although the overall composition of the bacterial communities was not significantly changed via filtering tests, only the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria was changed. These results demonstrate that a filtering process in aquaculture facilities can be used to reduce solid waste as well as ARGs from aquaculture farms.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969717326311