摘要

       抗生素在畜牧业中常用于预防疾病和提高产量，动物体内的残留物可能在皮革生产过程中进入制革废水。本研究旨在使用 Illumina 高通量测序来调查大型制革废水处理厂 (WWTP) 的好氧和厌氧污泥中抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 和移动遗传元件 (MGE) 的发生、多样性和丰度。宏基因组分析表明，污水处理厂中以变形杆菌、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌为主，但厌氧污泥中古菌的相对丰度高于好氧污泥。好氧和厌氧污泥的测序读数揭示了两种微生物群落之间功能基因丰度的差异。在两个社区中都鉴定了编码抗生素抗性的基因。针对抗生素抗性基因数据库（ARDB）的BLAST分析进一步显示，好氧和厌氧污泥中含有多种高丰度的ARG，其中磺胺类抗性基因sul1的丰度最高，占总ARG读数的20%以上。四环素抗性基因（tet）在厌氧污泥中高度丰富，其中tet33的丰度最高，而在好氧污泥中不存在。在每个污泥样品中检测到 70 多种插入序列，在污水处理厂中普遍存在 1 类整合酶基因。结果突出了制革污水处理厂中 ARG 和 MGE 的普遍存在，这可能值得更多的公共卫生关注。

       Antibiotics are often used to prevent sickness and improve production in animal agriculture, and the residues in animal bodies may enter tannery wastewater during leather production. This study aimed to use Illumina high-throughput sequencing to investigate the occurrence, diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in aerobic and anaerobic sludge of a full-scale tannery wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Metagenomic analysis showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria dominated in the WWTP, but the relative abundance of archaea in anaerobic sludge was higher than in aerobic sludge. Sequencing reads from aerobic and anaerobic sludge revealed differences in the abundance of functional genes between both microbial communities. Genes coding for antibiotic resistance were identified in both communities. BLAST analysis against Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB) further revealed that aerobic and anaerobic sludge contained various ARGs with high abundance, among which sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 had the highest abundance, occupying over 20% of the total ARGs reads. Tetracycline resistance genes (tet) were highly rich in the anaerobic sludge, among which tet33 had the highest abundance, but was absent in aerobic sludge. Over 70 types of insertion sequences were detected in each sludge sample, and class 1 integrase genes were prevalent in the WWTP. The results highlighted prevalence of ARGs and MGEs in tannery WWTPs, which may deserve more public health concerns.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076079