摘要

近90年前发现的青霉素彻底改变了细菌性疾病的治疗方法。从那时起，从细菌和真菌中又发现了许多其他的抗生素，或者通过化学合成来开发并已经成为有效的化学治疗选择。但是，滥用抗生素降低了许多常用抗生素的疗效。细菌耐药菌株的出现严重限制了我们治疗细菌性疾病的能力，迫切需要新的抗生素。自从发现青霉素以来，大多数抗生素的开发集中在从微生物来源的新抗生素发现上，或集中在利用现有的抗生素支架合成新化合物，而不利于开发其他领域。这两种方法都取得了丰硕的成果。但是，由于本综述中讨论的多种原因，这些策略未来不可能提供同样丰富的新抗生素。事实上，近年来新开发的抗生素数量急剧下降。相反，传统药物的复审变得越来越普遍，并且已经提供了几种新的抗生素。传统医药植物未来可能会提供更多新的抗生素。然而，植物提取物或纯天然化合物与常规抗生素的组合使用可能为快速提供可负担的治疗选择提供更大的希望。事实上，一些联合抗生素治疗已经临床上可用。本研究回顾了近期有关组合抗生素治疗的文献，以突出其潜力并指导该领域的未来研究。

The discovery of penicillin nearly 90 years ago revolutionized the treatment of bacterial disease. Since that time, numerous other antibiotics have been discovered from bacteria and fungi, or developed by chemical synthesis and have become effective chemotherapeutic options. However, the misuse of antibiotics has lessened the efficacy of many commonly used antibiotics. The emergence of resistant strains of bacteria has seriously limited our ability to treat bacterial illness, and new antibiotics are desperately needed. Since the discovery of penicillin, most antibiotic development has focused on the discovery of new antibiotics derived from microbial sources, or on the synthesis of new compounds using existing antibiotic scaffolds to the detriment of other lines of discovery. Both of these methods have been fruitful. However, for a number of reasons discussed in this review, these strategies are unlikely to provide the same wealth of new antibiotics in the future. Indeed, the number of newly developed antibiotics has decreased dramatically in recent years. Instead, a reexamination of traditional medicines has become more common and has already provided several new antibiotics. Traditional medicine plants are likely to provide further new antibiotics in the future. However, the use of plant extracts or pure natural compounds in combination with conventional antibiotics may hold greater promise for rapidly providing affordable treatment options. Indeed, some combinational antibiotic therapies are already clinically available. This study reviews the recent literature on combinational antibiotic therapies to highlight their potential and to guide future research in this field.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628525/