摘要

       近年来，针对处理单类抗生素的废水处理系统，对抗生素抗性细菌和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的出现进行了深入研究。然而，抗生素生产废水中交替出现的抗生素对生物处理系统中 ARGs 行为的影响尚不清楚。在本文中，包括高容量定量 PCR 和定量 PCR (qPCR) 在内的技术用于研究厌氧-好氧全面系统中 ARGs 的行为。该系统交替处理核糖霉素、螺旋霉素和巴龙霉素三种抗生素生产废水，涉及阶段 1、2 和 3。使用高容量定量 PCR 测定的氨基糖苷类 ARG（52.1-79.3%）是所有种类中最丰富的种类。三个阶段的污泥样品。使用 qPCR 测量的大环内酯 - 林可酰胺 - 链霉菌素（MLS）抗性基因和氨基糖苷类抗性基因的总相对丰度在好氧污泥中显着高于污水污泥（P < 0.05）。然而，从三个交替阶段获得的 ARG 的比较表明，MLS 基因和氨基糖苷类 ARG 在好氧和厌氧污泥样品中没有显着变化（P > 0.05）。在好氧污泥中，一个乙酰转移酶基因（aacA4）和其他三个核苷酸转移酶基因（aadB、aadA 和 aadE）与 intI1 呈正相关（r 2 = 0.83-0.94；P < 0.05），表明水平转移对其增殖的重要性.这些结果和事实将有助于了解抗生素生产废水处理系统中 ARG 的丰度和分布。

       The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been intensively investigated for wastewater treatment systems treating single class of antibiotic in recent years. However, the impacts of alternately occurring antibiotics in antibiotic production wastewater on the behavior of ARGs in biological treatment systems were not well understood yet. Herein, techniques including high-capacity quantitative PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to investigate the behavior of ARGs in an anaerobic–aerobic full-scale system. The system alternately treated three kinds of antibiotic production wastewater including ribostamycin, spiramycin and paromomycin, which referred to stages 1, 2 and 3. The aminoglycoside ARGs (52.1–79.3%) determined using high-capacity quantitative PCR were the most abundant species in all sludge samples of the three stages. The total relative abundances of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes and aminoglycoside resistance genes measured using qPCR were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in aerobic sludge than in sewage sludge. However, the comparison of ARGs acquired from three alternate stages revealed that MLS genes and the aminoglycoside ARGs did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) in both aerobic and anaerobic sludge samples. In aerobic sludge, one acetyltransferase gene (aacA4) and the other three nucleotidyltransferase genes (aadB, aadA and aadE) exhibited positive correlations with intI1 (r 2 = 0.83–0.94; P < 0.05), implying the significance of horizontal transfer in their proliferation. These results and facts will be helpful to understand the abundance and distribution of ARGs from antibiotic production wastewater treatment systems.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-017-9987-5