摘要

       在这项研究中，抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 在韩国代表性有机固体废物 (OSW) 中的分布特征：食物垃圾回收废水 (FRW)、粪便和污水污泥。粪便中总 ARG（基因拷贝/16S rRNA 基因拷贝）的量最大，其次是污水污泥和 FRW。有趣的是，ARGs 的多样性和机制存在显着不同的模式。例如，在所有 OSW 中，很大一部分 ARG 是四环素抗性基因（40.4-78.2%）。 FRW样品中β-内酰胺抗生素抗性基因高于其他类型的OSW，但磺胺类抗生素抗性基因在污泥中所占比例最大。关于抗生素抗性机制的特征，在FRW和粪便样本中观察到的核糖体保护机制对四环素的比例相对较高。然而，具有直接相互作用的四环素抗性基因在污水污泥样品中相对较高。 sul1 是所有 OSW 类型中的主要亚型，尽管在污水污泥中未检测到 ermC，但仍能检测到 ermB。所有OSW中ARG亚型：tetB和tetG的出现均存在显着相关性（P < 0.01）； tetE 和 tetQ 仅在污泥中（P < 0.01）。 1 类整合子-整合酶基因 (intI1) 仅与粪便和污泥中的总 ARG 显着相关 (P < 0.05)，揭示了这些 OSW 中潜在的水平基因转移。

       In this research, the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was characterized in representative organic solid waste (OSW) in Korea: food waste-recycling wastewater (FRW), manure, and sewage sludge. The amounts of total ARG (gene copies/16S rRNA gene copies) was greatest in manure followed by sewage sludge and FRW. Interestingly, there were significantly different patterns in the diversity and mechanisms of ARGs. For example, a significant proportion of ARGs were tetracycline resistant genes in all the OSW (40.4–78.2%). β-lactam antibiotics resistant genes were higher in the FRW samples than in other types of OSW but sulfonamides resistant genes represented the greatest proportion in sludge. Regarding the characteristics of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, there was a relatively higher proportion of the ribosomal protection mechanism to tetracycline observed in the FRW and manure samples. However, tetracycline resistant genes with direct interaction were relatively higher in the sewage sludge samples. sul1 was the dominant subtype in all the OSW types and detection of ermB was observed although there was no ermC detected in sewage sludge. There were significant correlations between the occurrences of ARG subtypes: tetB and tetG in all OSW (P < 0.01); tetE and tetQ only in sludge (P < 0.01). The Class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) was significantly correlated with total ARGs only in manure and sludge (P < 0.05), revealing potential horizontal gene transfer in these OSW.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969716326535