摘要

在德黑兰的两个全面污水处理厂，两条河流，十三个地下水资源和五个水处理厂中研究了四个治疗类别（β-内酰胺类，头孢菌素，大环内酯类，氟喹诺酮类）的大多数处方抗生素化合物的存在。固相萃取后的采用高效液相色谱/串联质谱法进行分析。在2016年6月至8月的4个月期间在33个采样点以三个采样周期采集样本。在地下水资源和水处理厂中没有检测到目标抗生素，在两个研究河水和污水处理厂的进水和出水中检测到9种目标抗生素中的7种，浓度范围为< LOQ - 926.32 ng / L。在污水处理厂A的所有分析进水（552.6-796.2 ng / L）和出水（127-248.7 ng / L）样品中环丙沙星占优势，而头孢菌素包括头孢氨苄（523.3-977.7 ng / L）和头孢克肟（278.65 - 422.1 ng / L ）是污水处理厂B进水和出水中检测到的最多的抗生素。对7种检测出的抗生素进行了水相去除率评估，结果为339.83％至100％。红霉素，阿奇霉素和头孢克肟由于在研究的污水处理厂中通过生物转化使共轭代谢产物解偶联而观察到“消除清除”。从统计学角度来看，在所研究的污水处理厂的出水中头孢克肟，头孢氨苄，阿奇霉素和红霉素的浓度存在显着差异（p <0.05）。环丙沙星和头孢氨苄是两种研究过的河水中检测到的最丰富的抗生素。统计结果显示，Firozabad沟（接受污水处理厂出水）和Kan河（未接收污水处理厂污水）的环丙沙星，阿奇霉素和红霉素浓度有显着差异（p <0.05），表明污水处理厂排放可能是抗生素在水体中释放的重要来源。

The presence of most prescribed antibiotic compounds from four therapeutic classes (β-lactam, cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones) were studied at two full-scale WWTPs, two rivers, thirteen groundwater resources, and five water treatment plants in Tehran. Analytical methodology was based on high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. Samples were collected at 33 sample locations on three sampling periods over four months from June to August 2016. None of the target antibiotics were detected in groundwater resources and water treatment plants, while seven out of nine target antibiotics were analyzed in two studied river waters as well as the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants at concentrations ranging from < LOQ to 926.32 ng/L. Ciprofloxacin predominated in all analyzed influent (552.6–796.2 ng/L) and effluent (127–248.7 ng/L) samples of WWTP A, whereas cephalosporins including cephalexin (523.3–977.7 ng/L) and cefixime (278.65 to 422.1 ng/L) were the most abundant detected antibiotics in the influent and effluent of WWTP B. Aqueous phase removal efficiencies were assessed and ranged from 339.83% to 100% for the seven detected antibiotics. “Negative removals” were observed for erythromycin, azithromycin, and cefixime due to the deconjugation of conjugated metabolites via biological transformation in the studied WWTPs. From a statistical point of view, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of cefixime, cephalexin, azithromycin, and erythromycin in the effluent of both studied WWTPs. Ciprofloxacin and cephalexin were the most abundant detected antibiotics in the two studied river waters. Statistical results revealed that there were significant differences in the concentrations of ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and erythromycin (p < 0.05) in Firozabad ditch (receiving WWTP effluent) and Kan River (non-receiving WWTP effluent) which demonstrated that WWTPs discharges could be an important source of antibiotics being released in water bodies.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717319939