摘要

       本研究的目的是调查质粒介导的喹诺酮抗性 (PMQR) 基因的归宿以及耕地中含有（氟）喹诺酮 (FQN) 的粪便对土壤细菌群落的干扰。代表性 FQN（恩诺沙星 (ENR)、环丙沙星 (CIP) 和诺氟沙星 (NOR)）、PMQR 基因（qepA、oqxA、oqxB、aac(6')-Ib-cr 和 qnrS）和未处理土壤中的细菌群落、+粪肥和+粪肥+FQNs组使用与培养无关的方法进行分析。与未处理土壤相比，+粪肥组中 oqxA、oqxB 和 aac(6')-Ib-cr 丰度显着更高，qnrS 丰度显着高于未处理土壤，分别在第 30 天和第 60 天消失。所有 PMQR 基因（oqxA、oqxB、aac(6')-Ib-cr 和 qnrS）在 + 粪肥组中的消散速度比 +粪肥 + FQNs 组快 1.5-1.7 倍。还发现了含有 FQNs 的粪便对土壤细菌群落的干扰。结果表明 PMQR 基因（oqxA、oqxB、aac(6')-Ib 和 qnrS）对粪肥引入的耕地土壤的显着影响在施肥 2 个月后消失。粪便引入的 FQN 减缓了 PMQR 基因的消散。高 FQN 的存在为隶属于该门的物种提供了选择优势，包括酸杆菌、疣微菌和浮游菌，同时抑制变形菌和放线菌。

       The aim of the present study was to investigate the fate of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and the disturbance of soil bacterial communities posed by (fluoro)quinolones (FQNs)-containing manure in arable soil. Representative FQNs (enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR)), PMQR genes (qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr and qnrS) and bacterial communities in untreated soil, +manure and +manure+FQNs groups were analyzed using culture independent methods. The significantly higher abundance of oqxA, oqxB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and significantly higher abundance of qnrS in +manure group than those in untreated soil disappeared at day 30 and day 60, respectively. All PMQR genes (oqxA, oqxB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr and qnrS) dissipated 1.5–1.7 times faster in +manure group than those in +manure+FQNs group. The disturbance of soil bacterial communities posed by FQNs-containing manure was also found. The results indicated that significant effects of PMQR genes (oqxA, oqxB, aac(6′)-Ib and qnrS) on arable soils introduced by manure disappeared 2 month after manure application. FQNs introduced by manure slowed down the dissipation of PMQR genes. The presence of high FQNs provided a selective advantage for species affiliated to the phylum including Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes while suppressing Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653514009011