摘要

人类肠道微生物群是抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的重要储库。采用宏基因组学方法和网络分析法建立一个全面的抗生素抗性谱，并对来自11个不同国家的180名健康个体的粪便样品中的ARG和微生物分类群之间的共现模式进行研究。总共检测到20种ARG类型的507个ARG亚型，其丰度范围从7.12×10-7至2.72×10-1拷贝ARG / 16S-rRNA基因的拷贝。四环素，多药物，大环内酯 - 林可酰胺 - 链阳性菌素，杆菌肽，万古霉素，β-内酰胺和氨基糖苷类抗性基因是七种最丰富的ARG类型。所有180个个体共享多药ABC转运蛋白：aadE，bacA，acrB，tetM，tetW，vanR和vanS，表明它们在人类肠道中常见。与其他10个国家的人口相比，中国人口拥有最丰富的ARGs。此外，LEfSe分析显示MLS耐药类型及其亚型'ermF'是中国人群中具有代表性的ARG。抗生素失活，抗生素靶标改变和抗生素外流是所有人群中的主要抗性机制类别。 Procrustes分析显示，微生物系统发育构成了抗生素耐药性。通过网络分析发现的共现模式表明12种物种可能是58个ARG亚型的潜在宿主。

The human gut microbiota is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A metagenomic approach and network analysis were used to establish a comprehensive antibiotic resistome catalog and to obtain co‐occurrence patterns between ARGs and microbial taxa in fecal samples from 180 healthy individuals from 11 different countries. In total, 507 ARG subtypes belonging to 20 ARG types were detected with abundances ranging from 7.12 × 10−7 to 2.72 × 10−1 copy of ARG/copy of 16S‐rRNA gene. Tetracycline, multidrug, macrolide‐lincosamide‐streptogramin, bacitracin, vancomycin, beta‐lactam and aminoglycoside resistance genes were the top seven most abundant ARG types. The multidrug ABC transporter, aadE, bacA, acrB, tetM,tetW, vanR and vanS were shared by all 180 individuals, suggesting their common occurrence in the human gut. Compared to populations from the other 10 countries, the Chinese population harboured the most abundant ARGs. Moreover, LEfSe analysis suggested that the MLS resistance type and its subtype ‘ermF’ were representative ARGs of the Chinese population. Antibiotic inactivation, antibiotic target alteration and antibiotic efflux were the dominant resistance mechanism categories in all populations. Procrustes analysis revealed that microbial phylogeny structured the antibiotic resistome. Co‐occurrence patterns obtained via network analysis implied that 12 species might be potential hosts of 58 ARG subtypes.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1462-2920.14009