摘要

       随着抗生素等抗微生物剂的广泛应用，其在自然环境和人类环境中的残留和潜在危害引起了公众的关注。基于目前的研究，我们的综述记录了抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的来源和污染状况，分析了它们的关系和传播机制，并总结了处理技术。抗生素和 ARGs 通常在水、土壤和空气中检测到，在人类环境中的含量相对较高，包括废水处理厂和固体废物处理链。 ARGs 是由环境中积累的抗生素残留物诱导的，但 ARGs 繁殖受水平基因转移 (HGT) 和微生物群落组成的支配。此外，温度、光照和微生物群落等其他因素都会对 ARGs 和抗生素的降解产生影响，其中光是自然环境中最关键的因素。在工程处理系统中，紫外线消毒和生化降解在 ARGs 和抗生素去除方面效果良好，但并非总是如此。鉴于这些结果，该综述建议未来的研究应侧重于抗生素和 ARGs 传播的机制以及特定的治疗技术。

       With the widespread application of antibiotics and other antimicrobic agents, the residuals and potential hazards in both natural and human environment have raised public concerns. Based on current research, our review documents the sources of antibiotic and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and the contamination status, analyzes their relationships and propagation mechanisms, and summarizes treatment technologies. Antibiotics and ARGs are commonly detected in water, soil and air, with comparatively higher levels in human environment, including wastewater treatment plant and solid waste processing chains. ARGs are induced by antibiotic residuals accumulated in the environment, but ARGs propagation is dominated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and the composition of microbial communities. In addition, other factors including temperature, light, and microbial communities all could impose effects on the degradation of ARGs and antibiotics, among which light is the most crucial factor in natural environment. In the engineered treatment systems, UV disinfection and biochemical degradation function well in ARGs and antibiotic removal, though not always so. Given these results, the review suggests that future study should focus on the mechanisms of antibiotics and ARGs propagation as well as specific treatment technologies.

http://www.cibj.com/en/oa/DArticle.aspx?type=view&id=201407019