摘要

        我国畜禽养殖废水灌溉农田广为应用，其中携带的抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）给环境及人类健康带来了潜在的危害，亟需了解畜禽养殖场周边蔬菜地生食蔬菜可食部ARGs的赋存特性.本文选取北京地区畜禽场周边农田中10份蔬菜样品，采用非细菌培养方法直接提取细菌总DNA，通过PCR扩增，考察了5类（磺胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类、喹诺酮类）ARGs的赋存特性.结果表明，蔬菜样品残留的磺胺类ARGs、四环素类ARGs存在范围最广（蔬菜表面、内部的检出率分别为100%、70%），喹诺酮类ARGs次之（蔬菜表面、内部的检出率分别为100%、60%）.无论在种类还是数量，蔬菜样品表面携带的ARGs均比内部丰富；并且蔬菜样品表面及内部均检出已被禁用多年的氯霉素类ARGs（cmlA）.这说明畜禽养殖场周边蔬菜地生食蔬菜可食部分残留ARGs严重，可能会导致生食蔬菜大量附生及内生细菌的耐药，并通过食物链危害人类健康，应引起高度重视.

       China’s livestock and poultry farming wastewater is widely used to irrigate farmland, and the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) carried in it have brought potential harm to the environment and human health. It is urgent to understand the ARGs in the edible part of the raw vegetables in the vegetable farms around the livestock and poultry farms. Occurrence characteristics. This article selects 10 vegetable samples from the farmland surrounding the livestock and poultry farms in Beijing, and uses non-bacterial culture methods to directly extract the total bacterial DNA. Through PCR amplification, 5 types (sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides) are investigated. Occurrence characteristics of ARGs such as chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol and quinolones. The results show that the residues of sulfonamide ARGs and tetracycline ARGs in vegetable samples exist in the widest range (the detection rates on the surface and inside of the vegetable are 100% and 70%, respectively). ), followed by quinolones ARGs (the detection rates on the surface and inside of the vegetable are 100% and 60% respectively). Regardless of the type or quantity, the ARGs carried on the surface of the vegetable sample are more abundant than the inside; and both the surface and the inside of the vegetable sample are detected Chloramphenicol ARGs (cmlA), which have been banned for many years. This indicates that the residual ARGs in the edible parts of raw vegetables in the surrounding livestock and poultry farms are serious, which may cause a large number of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria to be resistant to raw vegetables. Endangering human health through the food chain should arouse great attention.

http://hjhx.rcees.ac.cn/article/id/hjhx_6420#tabJump_reference