摘要
      垃圾渗滤液是抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要来源和汇点，对人类健康和生态环境构成潜在威胁。对浙江省浸出液中的10种抗生素和8种ARGs进行了系统调查。考虑了多种因素的影响：渗滤液年龄、渗滤液取样季节（干燥或下雨）、重金属浓度和渗滤液质量参数。渗滤液的年龄对可检测的抗生素和ARGs的特征至关重要。抗生素的总浓度依次为大环内酯类>磺酰胺类>四环素类，并且随着渗滤液的老化而显著降低。同样，老化的渗滤液中含有较少的ARG；ARGs的丰度顺序为mexF（11.92±0.22 log10基因拷贝数/L）>sul2>Intl1>sul1>ermB>mefA>tetM>tetQ（9.57±1.32 log10基因副本/L）。与同一类抗生素有关的ARGs的极端丰度（即最大值和最小值）总是惊人地相似，并出现在相同年龄的渗滤液中。季节变化极大地影响了渗滤液中抗生素的浓度，旱季和雨季的浓度差异可达两个数量级。重金属浓度和渗滤液质量参数对抗生素和ARGs的分布也有重要影响。总的来说，浸出液中抗生素和ARGs的分布受到多种因素的影响，通过调整环境因素可以减少和控制抗生素和ARG的污染。
Abstract
Landfill leachate is an important source and sink of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which poses a potential threat to human health and ecological environment. Ten antibiotics and 8 ARGs in leachates collected from Zhejiang Province, China, were systematically investigated. The effects of multiple factors were considered: leachate age, season when the leachate was sampled (dry or rainy), heavy metal concentrations, and leachate quality parameters. Leachate age was crucial to the profile of the detectable antibiotics and ARGs. The total concentration of antibiotics were in the order of macrolides > sulfonamides > tetracyclines and they decreased significantly with leachate age. Similarly, fewer ARGs were harbored in aged leachate; the order of abundance of the ARGs was mexF (11.92 ± 0.22 log10 gene copies/L) > sul2 > Intl1 > sul1 > ermB > mefA > tetM > tetQ (9.57 ± 1.32 log10 gene copies/L). The extreme abundances (i.e., the maxima and minima) of ARGs relating to the same class of antibiotic were always surprisingly similar and appeared in leachate of the same age. Seasonal variation greatly affected the concentrations of antibiotics in the leachate—the concentration difference between the dry and rainy seasons could reach two orders of magnitude. Heavy metal concentrations and leachate quality parameters also had important effects on the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs. Overall, the profile of antibiotics and ARGs in leachates was influenced by numerous factors, and the pollution of antibiotics and ARGs may be reduced and controlled by adjusting the environmental factors. 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956053X22001350