摘要
      这项研究收集了芬兰米克利当地一家污水处理厂四个不同部分的污泥样本，用于抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）分析。在这里，我们检查了污泥中的七种代表性ARG，编码红霉素（ermB）、四环素（tetA、tetC、tetQ、tetW）和磺酰胺（sul1），以检查超声处理前后的丰度。1类整合子（intl1）也被观察为抗生素耐药性和水平基因传播的指标。预处理条件包括在冷冻干燥之前对污泥样品进行10分钟的超声处理（US）。液滴数字PCR系统用于评估样品中的ARGs，发现预处理不能有效消除ARGs。超声处理后，tetA、tetC和tetQ没有表现出任何变化，但tetW在消化污泥中的丰度比原污泥低20拷贝/ng，在脱水污泥中也发现了类似的丰度。对于MBR污泥，与原始样品相比，只有ermB显示出1000拷贝/ng的高丰度，令人惊讶的是，它没有显示出任何其他类型的ARG的存在。本研究对区域城市污泥中ARGs的出现进行了概述，以供进一步的研究反思。
Abstract
This study collected sludge samples from four different sections of a local wastewater treatment plant in Mikkeli, Finland, for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) analysis. Here, we examine the seven representative ARGs in sludge, encoding erythromycin (ermB), tetracycline (tetA, tetC, tetQ, tetW) and sulphonamide (sul1) to check abundance before and after ultrasonication. The class 1 integron (intl1) was also observed as an indicator of antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transmission. The pre-treatment condition included 10 min of ultrasonication (US) for the sludge sample before freeze-drying. The droplet digital PCR system was used to assess the ARGs from the samples, and it was found that ARGs were not effectively eliminated by pre-treatment. After ultrasonication, tetA, tetC and tetQ did not show any variation but tetW showed 20 copies/ng of lower abundance in digested sludge than raw sludge, and a similar abundance was found in dewatered sludge. For MBR sludge, only ermB showed 1000 copies/ng higher abundance compared to the raw sample and surprisingly it did not show the presence of any other types of ARG. This study provides an overview of the appearance of ARGs in regional municipal sludge for further research reflection.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935122016085