摘要
施肥土壤中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）日益增加的问题亟待解决。在本研究中，从水果和蔬菜废弃物中制备发酵液，以降低猪粪施肥土壤中ARG的丰度。通过为期六个月的田间试验，我们发现施用猪粪的土壤比施用化肥的土壤具有更高的ARG丰度。正如预期的那样，自制发酵液显著降低了猪粪施肥土壤中ARG的丰度，可能是由于放线菌的丰度降低，其中类诺卡氏菌、链霉菌和Nonomuraea的丰度分别降低了48.0%、51.9%和66.7%。通过抑菌实验，我们观察到发酵液（5mL/L）在ATP酶和PDH活性方面显著抑制了放线菌和诺卡氏菌的生长和代谢。这些发现证实，放线菌是ARG最主要的宿主之一，其抑制作用是导致发酵液处理土壤中ARG丰度下降的主要机制之一。这项研究为控制农田ARG污染的可行策略提供了实地证据，这对可持续农业背景下的土壤健康至关重要。
Abstract
The issue of growing increase of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure-fertilized soil needs urgently addressing. In this study, fermentation broth from fruit and vegetable waste was prepared to reduce ARG abundance in swine manure-fertilized soils. With a six-month field experiment, we found that swine manure-fertilized soil had significantly higher ARG abundance than soil applied with chemical fertilizer. As expected, the homemade fermentation broth significantly reduced ARG abundance in swine manure-fertilized soil, possibly through the decrease of abundance of Actinomyces, in which there was a 48.0%, 51.9%, and 66.7% decrease in the abundance of Nocardioides, Streptomyces, and Nonomuraea, respectively. With the bacteriostatic experiment, we observed that fermentation broth (5 mL/L) significantly inhibited the growth and metabolism in Actinomycetes spp. and Nocardioides sp., in terms of ATPase and PDH activity. These findings confirmed that the inhibition of Actinobacteria, some of the most dominant ARG hosts, was one of the main mechanisms responsible for the decrease in ARG abundance in fermentation broth-treated soil. This study provides field-scale evidence of a feasible strategy for controlling farmland ARG pollution, which is of utmost importance for soil health in the context of sustainable agriculture.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935122011628