摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）广泛存在于各种基质中，具有潜在的风险并引起全球关注。本研究进行了罗非鱼养殖实验，通过分析水中、残留物和肌肉样本中的29个目标ARG，探讨了抗菌肽的使用对水产养殖中抗菌耐药性的干预作用。sul1基因是大多数样品中的主要ARG，而总ARG的绝对丰度在水样中为1.5×102-2.3×107拷贝/mL，在残渣和肌肉样品中为2.1×108-3.9×109拷贝/g。与抗生素治疗相比，抗菌肽治疗可以显著降低所有样本中ARGs和intI1的绝对丰度。变形杆菌是大多数样本的优势门，而气单胞菌/烟草杆菌是抗生素/抗菌肽处理样本的优势属。网络分析表明，cecropin治疗可以显著减少耐多药细菌的发生以及属与ARGs之间的相关性。偏最小二乘结构方程模型用于讨论ARGs的影响因素，结果表明抗生素可以增加ARGs，进一步证明了盲肠肽可以有效减少水产养殖中的ARGs。这项研究将为控制水产养殖中的ARGs在抗菌肽应用方面提供重要信息。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) widely exist in diverse matrices to pose potential risks and attract global attention. This study performed tilapia-cultivation experiment to discuss the intervention of antimicrobial peptide usage on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture by analyzing 29 target ARGs in water, residue, and fish muscle samples. The sul1 gene was the dominant ARG in most of samples while absolute abundances of total ARGs were in the range of 1.5 × 102-2.3 × 107 copies/mL in water samples and 2.1 × 108-3.9 × 109 copies/g in the residue and fish muscle samples. Compared with antibiotic treatment, the cecropin treatment could significantly reduce the absolute abundance of ARGs and intI1 in all samples. Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum for most of samples while Aeromonas/Cetobacterium served as the dominant genus for samples with antibiotic/cecropin treatment. Network analysis showed that cecropin treatment could significantly reduce occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the correlation between genera and ARGs. Results of partial least squares structural equation modeling which was used to discuss the influential factors of ARGs exhibited that antibiotics could increase ARGs, further proving that cecropin peptide could effectively reduce ARGs in aquaculture. This study will provide important information on controlling ARGs in aquaculture in terms of antimicrobial peptide application.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421031241