摘要
      我们进行了一次关键审查，以确定关于ARGs在大气中的来源、特征和传播的已知情况。我们鉴定了52篇论文，这些论文报道了空气样本中细菌ARGs的直接测量，并符合其他纳入标准。研究的环境分为以下几类：城市、农村、医院、工业、污水处理厂、堆肥和垃圾填埋场以及室内环境。某些基因通常被研究，并且通常很丰富：sul1、intI1、β-内酰胺ARGs和四环素ARGs。总ARG的丰度因季节和环境而异，夏季城市地区的空气ARG丰度高于农村地区，冬季反之亦然。在城市地区，ARG的类型和丰度在整个季节都有更大的一致性。室内环境中的人类活动也与空气中ARG含量（丰度、多样性和浓度）的增加有关。几项研究发现，人类通过吸入ARGs的暴露与通过饮用水或摄入土壤的暴露相当。空气中ARGs的检测是一个发展中的领域，采样和分析方法的差异反映了研究空气中ARG的许多可能方法，并使研究之间的直接比较变得困难。需要对方法进行标准化，以便于识别空气中占主导地位的ARGs，确定其主要来源，并量化大气运输在ARGs在环境中传播中的作用。有了这些知识，我们可以制定更好的政策和指南来限制抗微生物耐药性的传播。
Abstract
We conducted a critical review to establish what is known about the sources, characteristics, and dissemination of ARGs in the atmosphere. We identified 52 papers that reported direct measurements of bacterial ARGs in air samples and met other inclusion criteria. The settings of the studies fell into the following categories: urban, rural, hospital, industrial, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), composting and landfill sites, and indoor environments. Certain genes were commonly studied and generally abundant: sul1, intI1, β-lactam ARGs, and tetracycline ARGs. Abundances of total ARGs varied by season and setting, with air in urban areas having higher ARG abundance than rural areas during the summer and vice versa during the winter. There was greater consistency in the types and abundances of ARGs throughout the seasons in urban areas. Human activity within indoor environments was also linked to increased ARG content (abundance, diversity, and concentration) in the air. Several studies found that human exposure to ARGs through inhalation was comparable to exposure through drinking water or ingesting soil. Detection of ARGs in air is a developing field, and differences in sampling and analysis methods reflect the many possible approaches to studying ARGs in air and make direct comparisons between studies difficult. Methodologies need to be standardized to facilitate identification of the dominant ARGs in the air, determine their major sources, and quantify the role of atmospheric transport in dissemination of ARGs in the environment. With such knowledge we can develop better policies and guidelines to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/em/d2em00091a