摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）和机会性病原体在水环境中的流行和传播可能对公众健康构成巨大威胁。然而，关于ARGs和机会性病原体从水环境传播给人类的研究却很少。在这里，我们使用16S rRNA基因测序和高通量定量PCR技术来探索ARGs和机会性病原体在黄河水（水源水）和自来水中的季节性分布，以及它们与中国兰州健康人的关系。采用理化分析方法检测水质参数和重金属含量。黄河和自来水中ARGs的绝对丰度和多样性表现出不同的季节模式。冬季，黄河水的ARG丰度和多样性最高，而自来水的ARG含量和多样性最低。流动遗传元素（MGE）是黄河和自来水中ARG剖面的主要驱动因素。零模型分析表明，与自来水相比，黄河ARG组合更受随机过程的影响，并且与季节无关。总有机碳和砷含量与许多ARGs呈正相关。机会性病原体气单胞菌和假单胞菌可能是ARGs的潜在宿主。大约80%的检测到的ARGs在水样和人体肠道之间共享。这些持久性ARGs无法通过饮用水处理过程完全消除。因此，至关重要的是保护自来水来源免受人为污染，改进水处理技术，以减少ARGs的传播，并确保饮用水生物安全，促进人类健康。
Abstract
The prevalence and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and opportunistic pathogens in water environments can pose great threat to public health. However, the dissemination of ARGs and opportunistic pathogens from water environments to humans has been poorly explored. Here, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques to explore the seasonal distribution of ARGs and opportunistic pathogens in the Yellow River water (source water) and tap water, as well as their relationships with healthy humans at Lanzhou, China. Physiochemical analysis was applied to detect water quality parameters and heavy metal contents. The absolute abundance and diversity of ARGs in the Yellow River and tap water demonstrated distinct seasonal patterns. In winter, the Yellow river water had the highest ARG abundance and diversity, while tap water owned the lowest. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the predominant driver of ARG profiles in both the Yellow river and tap water. Null model analysis showed that ARG assembly in the Yellow River was more influenced by stochastic processes than tap water and this was independent of seasons. Total organic carbon and arsenic contents exhibited positive correlations with many ARGs. Opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas and Pseudomonas may be potential hosts for ARGs. Approximately 80% of detected ARGs were shared between water samples and the human gut. These persistent ARGs could not be entirely eliminated through drinking water treatment processes. Thus, it is crucial to protect sources of tap water from anthropogenic pollution and improve water treatment technologies to reduce the dissemination of ARGs and ensure drinking-water biosafety for human health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121018868