摘要
      抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在抗生素发酵残留物（AFRs）中富集。在本研究中，我们研究了水热处理对青霉素发酵残渣（PFR）中ARGs的脱水、沼气生产和去除的影响。在140–180°C的水热范围后，PFR中的120µm固体颗粒分解为30–40µm。在180°C下，细胞外聚合物中79.8±0.4%被分解，释放出82.2±0.6%的结合水。只有在180°C的水热处理后才能实现有效的固液分离。通过上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）将滤液中75%以上的有机物转化为沼气。水热处理后，16S rRNA和ARGs的绝对丰度下降了2.4–5.2个对数。细胞外ARGs（eARGs）与总ARGs的比率在80°C时增加，在更高的温度（>120°C）时降低。在厌氧消化过程中，ARGs的绝对丰度增加了0.7-1.6个对数，基于16S rRNA的ARGs相对丰度下降了3个对数。大多数（98.7±0.4%）ARGs分布在悬浮固体中，并通过膜过滤去除。水热处理对10种AFR具有广泛的适用性。
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are enriched in antibiotic fermentation residues (AFRs). In this study, we investigated the effect of hydrothermal treatment on dewatering, biogas production, and removal of ARGs in the penicillin fermentation residue (PFR). Solid, 120 µm particles in the PFR were disintegrated to 30 – 40 µm after 140 – 180 °C hydrothermal range. Of extracellular polymeric substance, 79.8 ± 0.4% was decomposed to release 82.2 ± 0.6% of bound water at 180 °C. The effective solid-liquid separation was achieved only after a hydrothermal treatment of 180 °C. More than 75% of organic matter in the filtrate was transformed into biogas by the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The absolute abundance of 16 S rRNA and ARGs decreased by 2.4 – 5.2 logs after hydrothermal treatment. The ratio of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) to total ARGs increased at 80 °C and decreased at higher temperature (>120 °C). The absolute abundance of ARGs increased by 0.7 – 1.6 logs in anaerobic digestion, and the relative abundances of ARGs based on 16 S rRNA plummeted by 3 logs. Most (98.7 ± 0.4%) ARGs were distributed in suspended solids and were removed by membrane filtration. Hydrothermal treatment demonstrated broad applicability to 10 varieties of AFRs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422006902