摘要
      抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）已经造成了畜牧场环境的污染。关于空气中ARGs的研究有限，抗生素的作用在很大程度上仍不清楚。比较了添加和不添加抗生素的鸡的粪便样本中各种抗生素的动态。与没有使用抗生素的农场相比，在使用饲料中抗生素的农场中，OTC（24.8–205.4）和CTC（18.0–317.0）的危险系数（HQs）特别高。经测定，鸡粪便中抗生素与饲料中抗生素药物的高生态风险为100%。我们量化了移动遗传元素（MGE）和ARGs，并调查了粪便和空气样本中的细菌群落。有饲料中抗生素药物的空气ARG/MGE亚型的浓度比没有药物的高出大约两个数量级。这项研究表明，养鸡场的室内空气是环境中ARGs的蓄水池。持续喂食抗生素可以改变鸡的肠道微生物群落结构。饲料中的抗生素药物可能会增加空气和粪便样本中ARGs水平基因转移的可能性。通过尽量减少抗生素的使用，可以减少鸡场中ARGs的富集。
Abstract
The antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have caused pollution of livestock farm environments. There are limited investigations about airborne ARGs and what role the antibiotics play remains largely unclear. The dynamics of various antibiotics were compared between feces samples from chicken fed a diet with and without antibiotics. In contrast to the farm with no antibiotics drugs, the hazard quotients (HQs) of OTC (24.8–205.4) and CTC (18.0–317.0) are particularly high in the farm with in-feed antibiotics drugs. The high ecological risks of antibiotics in chicken feces with in-feed antibiotic drugs were 100 % as determined. We quantified mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs and investigated bacterial communities in feces and air samples. The concentration of airborne ARG/MGE subtypes with in-feed antibiotic drugs is about two orders of magnitude higher than those without drugs. This study reveals that the indoor air of chicken farms is a reservoir of ARGs in the environment. Continuous feeding of antibiotics can change the intestinal microbial community structure of the chicken. The possibility of horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in air and feces samples might be increased by in-feed antibiotic drugs. The enrichment of ARGs in the chicken farm can be reduced by minimizing antibiotic use.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422010780