摘要
      为了满足全球对水产养殖产品快速增长的需求，水产养殖中使用了大量抗生素，这可能会加速抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）的进化和抗生素基因（ARGs）的繁殖。在我们的研究中，我们基于宏基因组分析揭示了螃蟹池废水净化系统沉积物中的ARGs谱、它们与可移动遗传元素（MGE）的共存以及潜在宿主。残留的抗生素似乎会增加ARGs在螃蟹池中的繁殖，但给定的抗生素类型和相应的抗性基因之间没有明确的关系。水产养殖对沉积物的影响不如其他人类活动那么深远，但增加了抗磺酰胺基因的相对丰度。较高丰度的MGE，尤其是质粒，增加了ARGs在螃蟹和纯化池中传播的潜在风险。多药耐药性和磺酰胺耐药性基因具有更大的转移潜力，因为它们更频繁地被MGE携带。水平基因转移可能发生在各种微生物中，并鉴定出各种ARGs宿主，包括假单胞菌、不动杆菌、大肠杆菌和克雷伯菌。细菌群落影响ARG宿主的组成，变形杆菌是主要宿主。总的来说，我们的研究为水产养殖废水处理系统沉积物中ARGs的环境风险提供了新的见解。
Abstract
To meet the rapidly growing global demand for aquaculture products, large amounts of antibiotics were used in aquaculture, which might accelerate the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and the propagation of antibiotic genes (ARGs). In our research, we revealed the ARGs profiles, their co-occurrence with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and potential hosts in sediments of a crab pond wastewater purification system based on metagenomic analysis. The residual antibiotic seems to increase the propagation of ARGs in the crab pond, but there was no clear relationship between a given antibiotic type and the corresponding resistance genes. The effect of aquaculture on sediment was not as profound as that of other anthropogentic activities, but increased the relative abundance of sulfonamide resistance gene. A higher abundance of MGEs, especially plasmid, increased the potential ARGs dissemination risk in crab and purification ponds. Multidrug and sulfonamide resistance genes had greater potential to transfer because they were more frequently carried by MGEs. The horizontal gene transfer was likely to occur among a variety of microorganisms, and various ARGs hosts including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, and Klebsiella were identified. Bacterial community influenced the composition of ARG hosts, and Proteobacteria was the predominant hosts. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the environmental risk of ARGs in sediments of aquaculture wastewater treatment system.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001074221002552