摘要
      由于对食品材料的需求不断增加，蔬菜温室生产系统的使用迅速增加。蔬菜温室生产由于农药投入高、利用集约，面临着严重的环境问题。除此之外，携带抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的抗生素抗性细菌可以通过施用动物粪便进入蔬菜温室。对两个具有悠久蔬菜种植历史的典型蔬菜温室县的细菌群落和ARGs进行了调查。结果表明，变形菌门、厚壁菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和双孢单胞菌门是温室蔬菜土壤中的优势菌门，而aadA、tetL、sul1和sul2是最常见的ARG。热图和主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，两个县之间的差异比同一县不同耕作历史的土壤之间的差异更显著，这表明土壤类型和粪肥类型对细菌群落和ARGs的影响比耕作年限的积累更大。intI基因的丰度与特定ARGs之间的正相关性突出了这些ARGs的水平转移潜力。共有11个门被鉴定为特定ARGs的潜在宿主。基于冗余分析（RDA），Ni和pH是决定细菌群落的最有力因素，Cr是影响ARGs相对丰度的首要因素。这些结果可能有助于更多地关注蔬菜温室中粪肥回收的风险，并进一步制定实际粪肥应用和蔬菜温室可持续生产的战略。
Abstract
The use of vegetable greenhouse production systems has increased rapidly because of the increasing demand for food materials. The vegetable greenhouse production industry is confronted with serious environmental problems, due to their high agrochemical inputs and intensive utilization. Besides this, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, carrying antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), may enter into a vegetable greenhouse with the application of animal manure. Bacterial communities and ARGs were investigated in two typical vegetable-greenhouse-using counties with long histories of vegetable cultivation. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant phyla, while aadA, tetL, sul1, and sul2 were the most common ARGs in greenhouse vegetable soil. Heatmap and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the differences between two counties were more significant than those among soils with different cultivation histories in the same county, suggesting that more effects on bacterial communities and ARGs were caused by soil type and manure type than by the accumulation of cultivation years. The positive correlation between the abundance of the intI gene with specific ARGs highlights the horizontal transfer potential of these ARGs. A total of 11 phyla were identified as the potential hosts of specific ARGs. Based on redundancy analysis (RDA), Ni and pH were the most potent factors determining the bacterial communities, and Cr was the top factor affecting the relative abundance of the ARGs. These results might be helpful in drawing more attention to the risk of manure recycling in the vegetable greenhouse, and further developing a strategy for practical manure application and sustainable production of vegetable greenhouses.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/13/7742