摘要
      从厌氧氨氧化系统的一般性能、微生物活性、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的多样性和丰度以及ARGs的微生物宿主等方面评价了厌氧氨氧化联合体对典型抗生素磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）和金霉素（CTC）的反应。结果表明，厌氧氨氧化联合体对10mg/L的SDZ具有稳定的性能和很大的抗性，而1mg/L的CTC在没有任何特殊处理的情况下对脱氮性能和厌氧氨氧化活性产生了不可恢复的抑制作用。厌氧氨氧化功能基因（nirS、hzsA和hdh）的绝对丰度受到SDZ胁迫的刺激，但远低于CTC胁迫下的初始水平。在厌氧氨氧化菌群中，ARGs包括来自20多个属的18种类型（94种亚型）。引人注目的是，厌氧氨氧化细菌（AnAOB）“Ca.Brocadia”占据了46.81%的SDZ抗性基因（sul1和sul2）和38.63%的CTC抗性基因（tetX、tetG和rpsJ），因此被鉴定为显性抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）。因此，AnAOB携带相应的ARGs可能是解释厌氧氨氧化联合体对抗生素应激耐药性的主要保护机制。同时，厌氧氨氧化联盟中ARG的共同出现表明，不同ARG的协同合作可能是缓解SDZ和CTC压力的重要策略。本研究对厌氧氨氧化菌群产生抗生素耐药性的可能机制提出了新的解释。
Abstract
The responses of anammox consortia to typical antibiotics sulfadiazine (SDZ) and chlortetracycline (CTC) were evaluated on the aspects of general performance, microbial activity, diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and microbial host of ARGs in anammox system. Results showed the anammox consortia had a stable performance and great resistance to 10 mg/L of SDZ, while 1 mg/L of CTC induced an unrecoverable inhibitory influence on nitrogen removal performance and anammox activity without any special treatment. The absolute abundances of anammox functional genes (nirS, hzsA and hdh) were stimulated by the acclimation to SDZ stress, however, they were much lower than the initial levels under CTC stress. In anammox consortia, ARGs comprised 18 types (94 subtypes) derived from over 20 genera. Strikingly, the anammox bacteria (AnAOB) “Ca. Brocadia” occupied 46.81% of the SDZ resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) and 38.63% of CTC resistance genes (tetX, tetG and rpsJ), and thus were identified as the dominant antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB). Therefore, harboring the corresponding ARGs by AnAOB could be the primary protective mechanism to interpret the resistance of anammox consortia to antibiotics stress. Meanwhile, co-occurring of ARGs in anammox consortia suggested the synergistic cooperation of different ARGs could be an essential strategy to alleviate the SDZ and CTC stress. The present study proposed a new interpretation of possible mechanism that cause antibiotic resistance of anammox consortia.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132200183X