摘要
      动物粪便中的抗生素残留物会造成土壤污染，并对土壤动物构成威胁。在本研究中，研究了氟喹诺酮类抗生素对隐尾圆线虫的毒理学影响，包括防御反应、肠道微生物组和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）。细胞色素P450酶活性和活性氧水平增加，激活防御反应。超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性以及体腔溶细胞因子、溶菌酶、杀菌蛋白胎蛋白和溶血素等免疫防御分子的表达发生了变化。此外，肠道微生物组的多样性降低，拟杆菌门的相对丰度在门水平上显著降低，但在属水平上病原菌和抗生素分泌菌（红球菌和链霉菌）的相对丰度增加。然而，土壤微生物组与对照组没有显著差异。肠道和土壤微生物组中ARGs的相对丰度随着恩诺沙星浓度的增加而显著增加，氟喹诺酮类ARGs在土壤微生物组（20.85倍，p<0.001）和肠道微生物组（11.72倍，p<0.01）中均显著增加。ARGs亚型与红球菌呈正相关，这可能会增加疾病传播的风险和耐药病原体的概率。此外，可移动的遗传元素显著促进ARGs的传播。
Abstract
Antibiotic residues from animal manure cause soil pollution and can pose a threat to soil animals. In this study, the toxicological effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics on Enchytraeus crypticus, including defence response, gut microbiome, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), were studied. The cytochrome P450 enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species levels increased, activating the defense response. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activity, and the expression of immune defense molecules such as coelomic cytolytic factor, lysozyme, bactericidal protein fetidins and lysenin changed. Furthermore, the diversity of the gut microbiome decreased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly at the phylum level but increased in pathogenic and antibiotic-secreting bacteria (Rhodococcus and Streptomyces) at the genus level. However, the soil microbiome was not significantly different from that of the control group. The relative abundance of ARGs in the gut and soil microbiome significantly increased with enrofloxacin concentration, and the fluoroquinolone ARGs were significantly increased in both the soil (20.85-fold, p < 0.001) and gut (11.72-fold, p < 0.001) microbiomes. Subtypes of ARGs showed a positive correlation with Rhodococcus, which might increase the risk of disease transmission and the probability of drug-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, mobile genetic elements significantly promote the spread of ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421024778