摘要
      好氧堆肥是一种经济有效的处理动物粪便的技术。为了研究堆肥过程中多西环素（DOX）、微生物群落和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的命运，在自然环境条件下对肉鸡粪便和猪粪进行了好氧堆肥。好氧堆肥有效地去除了动物粪便中的DOX（去除率>97%）和大多数ARGs。与肉鸡粪便相比，堆肥猪粪中的微生物多样性和ARGs数量更高。堆肥过程中微生物群落结构发生了变化，肉鸡粪便和猪粪的优势门分别从厚壁菌门变为拟杆菌门和变形菌门。DOX在堆肥过程中改变了微生物群落的结构和相对丰度，多药耐药性基因和可移动遗传元件的相对丰度增加，这可能导致耐药性在环境中传播的风险。C/N比、DOX浓度、厚壁菌门、intl1和intl2是推动堆肥过程中ARGs变化的关键因素。这些结果有助于揭示DOX在堆肥过程中对微生物群落、ARGs和MGE的影响，并阐明降低环境中抗性基因传播风险的可能方法。
Abstract
Aerobic composting is an economical and effective technology that is widely used to treat animal manure. To study the fate of doxycycline (DOX), the microbial community, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting, aerobic composting of broiler manure and swine manure was carried out under natural environmental conditions. Aerobic composting effectively removed DOX (with a removal rate > 97%) and most ARGs from animal manure. The microbial diversity and the numbers of ARGs were higher in composted swine manure compared with composted broiler manure. The microbial community structure changed during composting, and the dominant phyla of broiler manure and swine manure changed from Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, respectively. DOX changed the structure and relative abundance of the microbial community during composting, and the relative abundance of multidrug resistance genes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) increased, which might lead to the risk of transmission of resistance in the environment. The C / N ratio, DOX concentration, Firmicutes, intl1, and intl2 were the key factors driving the change in ARGs during composting. These results help to reveal the effects of DOX on microbial communities, ARGs, and MGEs during composting and clarify the possible ways to reduce the risk of resistance gene transmission in the environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722021325