摘要
      目前，大多数研究都集中在人工湿地对抗生素、抗生素抗性基因和人类病原体的去除上。然而，很少有研究评估耐药组分的命运，特别是ARGs、移动遗传元件（MGEs）和毒力因子（VFs）的行为和共存。因此，化学武器及其接收河流中微生物群落的特征也值得关注。这些因素对水生态安全至关重要。本研究使用了两种化学武器来探索化学武器及其接收河流中MCs的抗性成分和特征的命运。从两条化学武器及其接收河流中采集了11个样本。对样品中ARGs和微生物分类群的高通量谱进行了表征。在CWs中检测到31种ARG类型，由400个亚型组成，总相对丰度为42.63–84.94×/Gb，在河流中检测到62.07–88.08×/Gb序列，证明ARG污染覆盖了CWs和河流，并暗示了ARG的巨大潜在风险。检测到MGE和VFs，tnpA、IS91和intI1是三种主要的MGE，而Flagella。IV型菌毛和毛周鞭毛是主要的VFs。两种CW都可以有效地去除ARG、MGE和VF。然而，一些ARGs很难去除，如sul1和sul2，并且某些ARGs残留在水煤浆的流出物中。ARGs、MGE和VFs的同时出现意味着抗生素耐药性和ARGs传播的风险。在河流样本中检测到85种人类病原体，特别是铜绿假单胞菌、支气管败血博德特菌、嗜水气单胞菌和幽门螺杆菌。相关分析表明，MCs对水环境中ARGs的分布有显著影响。本研究揭示了再生水再利用的潜在风险，并说明了水煤浆对ARGs和相关元素的去除能力。这项研究将有助于监测和管理水环境中的耐药性。
Abstract
Currently, most researches focus on that constructed wetlands (CWs) achieve desirable removal of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and human pathogens. However, few studies have assessed the fate of resistome components, especially the behavior and cooccurrence of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and virulence factors (VFs). Therefore, characteristics of microbial communities (MCs) in CWs and their receiving rivers also deserve attention. These factors are critical to water ecological security. This study used two CWs to explore the fate of resistome components and characteristics of MCs in the CWs and their receiving river. Eleven samples were collected from the two CWs and their receiving river. High-throughput profiles of ARGs and microbial taxa in the samples were characterized. 31 ARG types consisting of 400 subtypes with total relative abundance 42.63–84.94× /Gb of sequence were detected in CWs, and 62.07–88.08× /Gb of sequence in river, evidencing that ARG pollution covered CWs and the river, and implying huge potential risks from ARGs. MGEs and VFs were detected, and tnpA, IS91 and intI1 were the three dominant MGEs, while Flagella. Type IV pili and peritrichous flagella were main VFs. Both CWs can remove ARGs, MGEs and VFs efficiently. However, some ARGs were difficult to remove, such as sul1 and sul2, and certain ARGs remained in the effluent of the CWs. The co-occurrence of ARGs, MGEs, and VFs implies the risk of antibiotic resistance and dissemination of ARGs. Eighty-five types of human pathogen were detected in the river samples, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Aeromonas hydrophila and Helicobacter pylori. Correlation analysis indicated that MCs had significant effects on the profiles of ARGs in the water environment. This study reveals potential risks of the reuse of reclaimed water, and illustrates the removal ability of ARGs and related elements by CWs. This study will be helpful for monitoring and managing resistomes in water environments.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722043248