摘要
      水产养殖生态系统是抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的研究热点。稻小龙虾联合养殖被认为是一种生态友好的水产养殖模式，在中国已被广泛采用。然而，从抗生素耐药性的角度来看，目前尚不清楚稻小龙虾联合养殖是否是最环保的模式之一。在这项研究中，我们评估了稻小龙虾联合养殖的生态友好性，并根据多组学和抗生素谱，从抗生素和ARG模式的角度将该模型与其他水产养殖模型进行了比较。结果表明，稻-小龙虾共培养模式的营养水平、抗生素浓度、优势微生物属和ARG模式与其他三种养殖模式（仅螃蟹养殖模式、仅小龙虾养殖模式和螃蟹-小龙虾共同培养模式）有很大差异。具体而言，与其他水产养殖模式相比，稻-小龙虾联合养殖模式的ARGs多样性显著较低，ARGs的潜在风险也较低。营养素和抗生素浓度是形成ARG模式的重要环境因素，但与环境因素相比，移动基因和细菌群落对ARG增殖和传播的影响更强。这项研究加深了我们对淡水养殖生态系统中ARGs的理解，并表明与其他养殖模式相比，稻-小龙虾共同养殖模式是一种相对环保的养殖模式。
Abstract
Aquaculture ecosystem is a hot-spot for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Rice-crayfish co-culture was considered an eco-friendly aquaculture model and has been widely adopted in China. However, it is unclear whether rice-crayfish co-culture is one of the most eco-friendly models from the perspective of antibiotic resistance profiles. In this study, we evaluated the eco-friendliness of rice-crayfish co-culture, and compared this model with other aquaculture models, from the perspectives of antibiotics and ARG patterns, based on multi-omics and antibiotic profiles. Results showed that the nutrient levels, antibiotic concentrations, dominant microbial genera and ARG patterns in the rice-crayfish co-culture model were profoundly different from the other three aquaculture models (crab only aquaculture model, crayfish only aquaculture model, and crab-crayfish co-culture models). Specifically, the rice-crayfish co-culture model has significantly lower diversity of ARGs and lower potential risks of ARGs when compared to the other aquaculture models. Nutrient and antibiotic concentrations were the important environmental factors for shaping ARG patterns, but compared with environmental factors, the effects of mobile genes and bacteria community on the proliferation and transmission of ARGs were stronger. This study has deepened our understanding of ARGs in freshwater aquaculture ecosystem, and suggested that rice-crayfish co-culture model is a relatively eco-friendly aquaculture model when compared with the other aquaculture models.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121020327