摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）是新出现的严重公共卫生问题的污染物。水产养殖中应用的抗生素可能刺激ARGs的增殖和传播。本研究使用高通量qPCR ARG SmartChip调查了孟加拉国四个经济重要分区（即地区）的Pangasianodon hyphthalmus（前Pangasius）和Oreochromis niloticus（前Tilapia）商业养殖池塘中ARG的流行率和多样性，并进一步探讨了养殖池塘管理和水质对观察到ARG的流行模式。在所有样本中共检测到160个ARG和10个可移动遗传元件（MGE）（n=33），其中76个ARGs和MGE在所有区域之间共享。多药耐药基因是最常见的ARGs，其次是对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类和大环内酯类林可酰胺链脲菌素B（MLSB）产生耐药性的ARGs。孟加拉国农业大学管理的研究池塘中ARG的丰度和多样性最低，这表明适当的管理，如定期水质监测、每两周一次的水交换和使用益生菌而不是抗生素，可以缓解水产养殖池塘中抗生素耐药性的传播。Adonis检验（R2=0.35，p<0.001）和距离衰减关系表明，ARGs的组成显示出显著的生物地理模式（即基于地理起源的分离）。然而，这种影响可能是由于饲料类型造成的，因为不同地区使用了不同的饲料类型。总之，我们的研究结果表明，孟加拉国有很大的潜力改进水产养殖池塘管理做法，以减少ARGs的环境传播及其随后向人类的传播。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) constitute emerging pollutants of significant public health concern. Antibiotics applied in aquaculture may stimulate the proliferation and dissemination of ARGs. This study investigated the prevalence and diversity of ARGs in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (formerly Pangasius) and Oreochromis niloticus (formerly Tilapia) commercial aquaculture ponds from four economically important divisions (i.e. regions) of Bangladesh using a high-throughput qPCR ARG SmartChip and further aimed to explore effects of aquaculture pond management and water quality on the observed ARG prevalence patterns. A total of 160 ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected across all samples (n = 33), of which 76 ARGs and MGEs were shared between all regions. Multidrug resistance genes were the most frequently encountered ARGs, followed by ARGs conferring resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB). Research ponds managed by the Bangladesh Agricultural University had the lowest abundance and diversity of ARGs, suggesting that proper management such as regular water quality monitoring, fortnightly water exchange and use of probiotics instead of antibiotics may mitigate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance from aquaculture ponds. The Adonis test (R2 = 0.35, p < 0.001) and distance decay relationships revealed that the ARGs composition displayed a significant biogeographical pattern (i.e., separation based on geographic origin). However, this effect could possibly be due to feed type as different feed types were used in different regions. In conclusion, our results indicate that there is a vast potential for improving aquaculture pond management practices in Bangladesh to mitigate the environmental dissemination of ARGs and their subsequent transmission to humans.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721069916