摘要
      酸菜作为中国的一种传统发酵食品，多年来一直受到全球的关注。在某些情况下，微生物驱动的发酵可能会给消费者带来健康（例如益生菌）或危害（例如抗生素抗性基因）。为了更好地利用有益特性，需要对携带催化活性酶的细菌物种的组成和功能有更深入的了解。另一方面，摄入发酵食品会增加微生物抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）在人类胃肠道中传播的可能性。此外，对酸菜中ARGs的多样性和分类起源知之甚少。在我们的研究中，采用宏基因组方法研究了酸菜主要细菌中CAZymes和ARGs的分布结构。使用CAZy数据库的功能注释在宏基因组数据中总共鉴定了8796个CAZymes。在CARD数据库中总共检测到83个ARG。最主要的ARG类别是耐多药基因。抗生素外排机制的ARGs主要存在于变形杆菌中。厚壁菌门ARGs的耐药机制主要是抗生素失活，其次是抗生素外排。由于具有不同ARG的物种丰富，包括微生物物种在内的严格质量控制，特别是那些具有大量ARG的微生物物种，对于降低通过消费吸收ARG的风险至关重要。最终，我们通过使用宏基因组测序来提供关于家庭酸菜的微生物功能潜力（包括CAZymes和ARGs含量）的全面信息，从而显著拓宽了对酸菜微生物组的理解。
Abstract
Suancai, as a traditional fermented food in China with reputed health benefits, has piqued global attention for many years. In some circumstances, the microbial-driven fermentation may confer health (e.g., probiotics) or harm (e.g., antibiotic resistance genes) to the consumers. To better utilize beneficial traits, a deeper comprehension of the composition and functionality of the bacterial species harboring enzymes of catalytically active is required. On the other hand, ingestion of fermented food increases the likelihood of microbial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) spreading in the human gastrointestinal tract. Besides, the diversity and taxonomic origin of ARGs in suancai are little known. In our study, a metagenomic approach was employed to investigate distribution structures of CAZymes and ARGs in main bacterial species in suancai. Functional annotation using the CAZy database identified a total of 8796 CAZymes in metagenomic data. A total of 83 ARGs were detected against the CARD database. The most predominant ARG category is multidrug-resistant genes. The ARGs of antibiotic efflux mechanism are mostly in Proteobacteria. The resistance mechanism of ARGs in Firmicutes is primarily antibiotic inactivation, followed by antibiotic efflux. Due to the abundance of species with different ARGs, strict quality control including microbial species, particularly those with lots of ARGs, is vital for decreasing the risk of ARG absorption via consumption. Ultimately, we significantly widen the understanding of suancai microbiomes by using metagenomic sequencing to offer comprehensive information on the microbial functional potential (including CAZymes and ARGs content) of household suancai.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/5/773