摘要
      水生环境中的抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）引起了人们的极大关注，因为残留抗生素的有害影响和ARGs的出现对水产养殖构成了挑战。本研究分析了中国东北天津市六个养殖池（综合养殖：稻虾池；单一养殖：对虾池）的饲料、水、沉积物和对虾组织。在所有池塘中检测到18种类型的抗生素，这导致了四类抗生素，包括磺酰胺类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类。分析了五种抗生素在肝胰腺、肌肉和血浆中的平均对数生物累积因子（BAF）值，我们发现恩诺沙星在对虾血浆中的最大对数BAF（1.45）。血浆和其他两种组织之间抗生素浓度的相关性分析表明，肝胰腺和肌肉中恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星和红霉素的水平可以通过它们的血浆浓度来预测。我们还进行了风险商分析，发现食用两种水产养殖方法中暴露于抗生素的对虾对人类健康的风险相对较低。与单一养殖相比，稻虾联合养殖可显著降低ARGs的丰度；此外，对虾体内ARGs、抗生素和非抗生素环境因素（如总氮、总氨氮和化学需氧量）之间存在显著相关性。本研究表明，在减轻抗生素在对虾中的生物累积和ARGs的发生方面，稻-虾联合培养系统比单一培养更有效。
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic environment have raised great concerns, as the deleterious effects of residual antibiotics and the emergence of ARGs are challenges to aquaculture. This study analyzed feed, water, sediment and prawns' tissues from six culture ponds (integrated culture: rice-prawn pond; monoculture: prawn pond) in Tianjin, Northeast China. Eighteen types of antibiotics were detected in all ponds, which conferring to four classes of antibiotics including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, macrolides. The mean log bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values for five antibiotics were analyzed in the hepatopancreas, muscle, and plasma, and we found the maximum Log BAF (1.45) for enrofloxacin in prawn plasma. Correlation analysis of antibiotic concentrations between the plasma and the other two tissues indicated that enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and erythromycin levels in the hepatopancreas and muscle can be predicted by their plasma concentrations. We also conducted a hazard quotient analysis and found that the risk to human health of eating antibiotic-exposed prawns from the two types of aquaculture method was relatively low. Compared with monoculture, rice-prawn co-culture could significantly decrease the abundance of ARGs; additionally, significant correlations were detected among ARGs, antibiotics, and non-antibiotic environmental factors (e.g., total nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand) in prawn. The present study indicated that the rice-prawn co-culture system is more effective than monoculture for mitigating the bioaccumulation of antibiotics and the occurrence of ARGs in prawn.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721053845