摘要
      抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）由于其持久性和移动性，在水生环境中对健康构成风险。河流网络可以为探索ARGs和抗生素在淡水环境中的发生和富集提供绝佳的机会。在此基础上，测量了中国望虞河西岸河网中四种抗生素（磺酰胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类和大环内酯类）和13种ARG（sul、sul、tetA、tetB、tetO、tetW、qnrA、qnrS、qnrD、ermB、ermF、ermC和ereA）的丰度。对这些抗生素和ARGs的空间分布和时间变化进行了表征，并分析了它们的控制因素。所有四种类型的抗生素都被检测到，检测频率在41%到100%之间。喹诺酮类抗生素的平均浓度最高（286.53纳克/升）。喹诺酮类、四环素类和大环内酯类的浓度在冬季明显高于夏季，而磺酰胺类的浓度则在潮湿时期高于干燥时期。在13种ARG中，sulI含量最高（每毫升1.28×105拷贝），其次是sulII和tetO（分别为每毫升5.41×104和4.45×104拷贝）。典型对应分析表明，溶解氧、水温、总氮、pH和总磷等环境因素对ARGs的丰度有显著影响。sul、sul、tetA和tetB与16S核糖体RNA序列显著相关，表明浮游细菌群落可能影响ARGs的分布。相关热图分析表明，ARGs的传播受到特定细菌群的影响，如不动杆菌和蓝杆菌，表明这些浮游细菌可能是环境ARGs宿主。
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose health risks in aquatic environments because of their persistence and mobility. River networks can provide a perfect opportunity for exploring the occurrence and enrichment of ARGs and antibiotics in freshwater environments. On this basis, the abundances of four types of antibiotics (sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides) and 13 ARGs (sulІ, sulІІ, tetA, tetB, tetO, tetW, qnrA, qnrS, qnrD, ermB, ermF, ermC, and ereA) were measured in the river networks of the west bank of the Wangyu River in China. The spatial distribution and temporal variation of these antibiotics and ARGs were characterized, and their controlling factors were analyzed. All four types of antibiotics were detected with high frequencies between 41% and 100%. Quinolone antibiotics exhibited the highest average concentration (286.53 ng/L). The concentrations of quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer, whereas the concentration of sulfonamides was higher in wet periods than in dry periods. Of the 13 ARGs, sulI was the most abundant (1.28 × 105 copies per milliliter), followed by sulII and tetO (5.41 × 104 and 4.45 × 104 copies per milliliter, respectively). The canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, water temperature, total nitrogen, pH, and total phosphorus, had significant effects on the abundance of ARGs. sulІ, sulІІ, tetA, and tetB were significantly correlated with 16S ribosomal RNA sequences, indicating that the bacterioplankton community might affect the distribution of ARGs. The correlation heat map analysis showed that the spread of ARGs was influenced by specific bacterial groups, such as Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria, indicating that these bacterioplankton may be the hosts of environmental ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674237022000618