摘要
意图
城市污水处理厂（WWTP）的废水，即使经过适当的处理，也可能导致抗微生物耐药性（AMR）负担，并且获得抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）的频率很高。ARGs向环境中的传播增加了传染病的风险；然而，关于它们的流行病学影响，几乎没有直接证据。本研究旨在使用（AMR）基因（ARGs）和重金属抗性基因的宏基因组分析来评估多摩河和东京湾周围城市污水处理厂的污水。
方法
对水样进行宏基因组DNA序列分析和抗性分析。
后果
最普遍的ARG是磺酰胺抗性基因sul1，其次是季铵化合物抗性基因qacE，这表明1类整合子中的基本基因集（sul1和∆qacE）是主要的ARG。氨基糖苷类耐药基因aadA和aph，以及大环内酯类耐药基因msr（E）和mph（E）是对抗每种抗菌药物的主要ARGs。blaOXA和blaGES被频繁检测到，而blaCTX-M簇被微弱检测到。非度量多维标度图分析和规范对应分析结果表明，ARGs的显著差异可能与季节差异有关；qnrS2、aac（6’）-Ib和mef（C）在夏季显著增加，而msr（E）在冬季更常见。在所有污水处理厂的废水中都显著检测到重金属（Hg和Cu）抗性基因（HMRGs）。
结论
我们对整个社区的环境ARG/HMRG概况的基线水平进行了表征，这表明环境AMR监测，特别是在城市污水处理厂，是监测携带显著ARG/B的主要健康个体的细菌AMR传播的有价值的第一步。
Abstract
Purpose
Urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, even with proper treatment, may cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden, with a high frequency of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The dissemination of ARGs into the environment increases the risk of infectious diseases; however, there is little direct evidence regarding their epidemiological effects. This study aimed to assess effluents from urban WWTPs around the Tama River and Tokyo Bay using metagenomic analysis of (AMR) genes (ARGs) and heavy-metal resistance genes.

Methods
Metagenomic DNA-seq analysis of water samples and resistome analysis were performed.

Results
The most prevalent ARG was the sulfonamide resistance gene, sul1, followed by the quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene, qacE, suggesting that basic gene sets (sul1 and ∆qacE) in the class 1 integrons are the predominant ARGs. The aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA and aph, and macrolide resistance genes, msr(E) and mph(E), were the predominant ARGs against each antimicrobial. blaOXA and blaGES were frequently detected, whereas the blaCTX-M cluster was faintly detected. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot analysis and canonical correspondence analysis results suggested that marked differences in ARGs could be involved in the seasonal differences; qnrS2, aac(6’)-Ib, and mef(C) increased markedly in summer, whereas msr(E) was more frequently detected in winter. Heavy-metal (Hg and Cu) resistance genes (HMRGs) were significantly detected in effluents from all WWTPs.

Conclusion
We characterized a baseline level of the environmental ARG/HMRG profile in the overall community, suggesting that environmental AMR surveillance, particularly in urban WWTPs, is a valuable first step in monitoring the AMR dissemination of bacteria from predominantly healthy individuals carrying notable ARG/Bs.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/IDR.S370669