摘要
      堆肥是畜禽粪便、糠醛和秸秆等农业废弃物回收利用的一种有效而必要的方式。然而，在工业规模的堆肥过程中，重金属（HMs）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的风险尚未得到充分评估，尤其是在添加细菌制剂的情况下。本研究首次研究了添加不同基质的畜禽粪便工业规模好氧堆肥过程中HMs毒性、ARGs繁殖和微生物群落结构的变化。此外，还评估了添加细菌制剂（芽孢杆菌菌株）的效果。结果表明，工业好氧堆肥工艺可以不同程度地固定化各种HMs，并显著降低intl1和oqxB基因等ARGs的水平。芽孢杆菌菌株的加入可以进一步降低大多数检测到的ARGs的水平以及Cu和Cr的生物利用度，并且在一些材料中检测不到ereA和tetA的相对丰度。堆肥后，不同基质中的主要细菌群落结构相似，而不考虑细菌制剂，这表明堆肥过程是其变化的主要驱动因素。本研究为畜禽粪便的安全再利用提供了科学参考。
Abstract
Composting is an effective and necessary modality in the recycling of agricultural wastes such as livestock manure, furfural, and straw. However, the risks of heavy metals (HMs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during industrial-scale composting process have not been adequately assessed, especially with the addition of bacterial agents. In this study, changes in HMs toxicity, ARGs propagation and microbial community structure during industrial-scale aerobic composting of livestock manure were firstly investigated with various substrates addition. Moreover, the effect of the addition of bacterial agents (Bacillus strains) was evaluated. The results showed that industrial aerobic composting process could immobilize various HMs with different extents and significantly reduce the levels of ARGs such as intl1 and oqxB genes. The addition of Bacillus strains could further reduce the levels of most detected ARGs and the bioavailability of Cu and Cr, and the relative abundance of ereA and tetA was undetectable in some materials. After composting, the main bacterial community structures were similar among different substrates irrespective of bacterial agents and indicated that the composting process was the main driver for their change. This study provides a scientific reference for the safe reuse of livestock manure.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322005346