摘要
      城市固体废物（MSW）填埋场是抗生素耐药性、病原体和病毒的重要来源，也是进行MSW分解的微生物群落的栖息地。病毒在MSW分解和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）传播等生态相互作用中具有重要意义。在本研究中，研究了中国七个城市垃圾渗滤液中的病毒群落结构及其相关驱动因素、病毒与其细菌宿主的联系、病毒相关的ARG传播以及虚拟群落对MSW分解的作用。这七个城市包括四个特大城市、两个大型城市和一个小型城市，代表了中国的渗滤液特征。结果表明，渗出物以噬菌体家族为主，分别为细胞病毒科、肌体病毒科和足病毒科（91.7±3.6）%。它们的假定宿主是重要的MSW分解者乳酸杆菌、假单胞菌、梭菌、嗜蛋白菌和拟杆菌。病毒群落的结构受到pH（P=0.007，通过RDA分析）和细菌群落（R=0.83，P<0.001，通过Mantel检验分析）的显著影响。ARGs的相对丰度与病毒家族密切相关（R>0.8，P<0.01），表明病毒在ARGs传播中发挥着重要作用。噬菌体通过自上而下的作用调节细菌种群的丰度，从而参与MSW的分解。这些结果表明，病毒群落参与了ARGs的传播和传播，并介导了垃圾填埋场中的MSW分解。
Abstract
A municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is a significant source of antibiotic resistance, pathogens and viruses and also a habitat for microbial consortia that perform MSW decomposition. Viruses are of great significance in ecological interactions such as MSW decomposition and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transmission. In this study, the viral community structure and the associated driver, the linkage of viruses and their bacterial hosts, the virus-associated ARG dissemination and virtual community function on MSW decomposition were investigated in landfill leachate from seven cities, China. The seven cities include four megacities, two large-scale cities and one small-scale city, representing the leachate characters of China. The results showed that the leachates were dominated by the phage families Siphoviridae, Myoviridae and Podoviridae (91.7 ± 3.6) %. Their putative hosts were the important MSW decomposers Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Proteiniphilum, and Bacteroides. The structure of the viral community was significantly affected by pH (P = 0.007, analyzed by RDA) and the bacterial community (R = 0.83, P < 0.001, analyzed by Mantel test). The relative abundance of ARGs showed a strong correlation (R > 0.8, P < 0.01) with viral family, suggesting that viruses play an important role in ARGs dissemination. Phage regulate bacterial population abundance through top-down effects, thus participating in MSW decomposition. These results demonstrate that viral community are involve in ARGs transmission and dissemination and mediate MSW decomposition in landfill.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722056601