总结
      先前的研究表明，农业生产系统有可能促进抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的环境传播。然而，需要对关键管理点进行综合评估，以最大限度地减少这种可能性。分析了霰弹枪宏基因组测序数据，以全面比较在实验室进行的研究中收集的来自牛肉或奶牛（根据传统做法，有或没有给药抗生素）、土壤（壤土或粉质粘壤土）和蔬菜（生菜或萝卜）样本的改良剂（粪肥或堆肥）的总ARG特征，微观世界和温室规模。蔬菜携带的ARGs（n= 838）以及最多的ARG可移动遗传元素共存（n= 945). 与其他实验条件下的蔬菜相比，生长在粪肥或堆肥改良土壤中的萝卜含有更高的总相对丰度（0.91和0.91 ARGs/16S rRNA基因）和临床相关的ARGs（平均值：0.36 ARGs/16 S rNA基因）。在所检测的宏基因组中，生菜携带的病原体基因标记的相对丰度最高。在接受抗生素处理的牛肉改良剂的泥沙中种植的蔬菜的总ARG相对丰度最高。研究结果强调，额外的障碍，如收获后的过程，值得进一步研究，以最大限度地减少对消费者的潜在接触。
Summary
Prior research demonstrated the potential for agricultural production systems to contribute to the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is a need for integrated assessment of critical management points for minimizing this potential. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing data were analysed to comprehensively compare total ARG profiles characteristic of amendments (manure or compost) derived from either beef or dairy cattle (with and without dosing antibiotics according to conventional practice), soil (loamy sand or silty clay loam) and vegetable (lettuce or radish) samples collected across studies carried out at laboratory-, microcosm- and greenhouse-scale. Vegetables carried the greatest diversity of ARGs (n = 838) as well as the most ARG-mobile genetic element co-occurrences (n = 945). Radishes grown in manure- or compost-amended soils harboured a higher relative abundance of total (0.91 and 0.91 ARGs/16S rRNA gene) and clinically relevant ARGs than vegetables from other experimental conditions (average: 0.36 ARGs/16S rRNA gene). Lettuce carried the highest relative abundance of pathogen gene markers among the metagenomes examined. Total ARG relative abundances were highest on vegetables grown in loamy sand receiving antibiotic-treated beef amendments. The findings emphasize that additional barriers, such as post-harvest processes, merit further study to minimize potential exposure to consumers.

https://ami-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1462-2920.16022