摘要
      考虑到传统的消毒方法不能同时去除ARB和ARGs，本研究开发了一种新型的碳化钼（Mo2C）电极辅助电化学消毒（ED）工艺。已证明所建立的ED工艺可有效灭活多重耐药ARB（即对卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素和四环素具有耐药性的大肠杆菌K-12 LE392），并降解ARGs（包括细胞内（iARGs）和细胞外（eARGs）形式的tetA和blaTEM）。具体而言，在2.0V下用Mo2C辅助ED处理15分钟内，实现了5-log的ARB去除，没有观察到任何ARB再生，表明该过程对ARB的永久失活。此外，iARGs（blaTEM的0.4克还原和tetA的3.1对数还原）和eARGs（blaTEM的4.2克还原和tetA的1.1克还原）在60分钟内降解，进一步支撑了基于Mo2C的ED的可行性。而e-、H2O2和•O2−在ED的整个过程中起主导作用，H+和•OH分别对ED早期和晚期的细菌失活有贡献。电解诱导的活性物质对ARB菌株构成压力，增强了氧化应激反应，引发了更高的活性氧生成，诱导了膜损伤并改变了细胞结构。总的来说，本研究中证明的Mo2C辅助ED是对抗抗生素耐药性传播的传统消毒方法的一种有吸引力的替代方法。
Abstract
Considering conventional disinfection methods are not effective in simultaneously removing ARB and ARGs, a novel electrochemical disinfection (ED) process assisted by molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) electrodes was developed in this study. The established ED process was proved to effectively inactivate multi-resistant ARB (i.e. Escherichia coli K-12 LE392 with resistance to kanamycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline) and to degrade ARGs (including tetA and blaTEM in the form of both intracellular (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs)). Specifically, within 15 min treatment by the Mo2C-assisted ED under 2.0 V, a 5-log ARB removal was realized, without any ARB regrowth observed, indicating a permanent inactivation of ARB by the process. Moreover, degradation of the iARGs (0.4-log reduction of the blaTEM and 3.1-log reduction of the tetA) and the eARGs (4.2-log reduction of the blaTEM and 1.1-log reduction of the tetA) were achieved within 60 min, further underpinning the viability of the Mo2C-based ED. While e-, H2O2, and •O2− played leading roles in the entire process of ED, H+ and •OH contributed to bacterial inactivation in the early and late stages of ED, respectively. The reactive species induced by electrolysis posed pressure to the ARB strains, which enhanced oxidative stress response, triggered higher reactive oxygen species generation, induced membrane damage and changed cellular structure. Collectively, the Mo2C-assisted ED demonstrated in the present study represents an attractive alternative to the traditional disinfection methods in combating the spread of antibiotic resistance.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422005222