摘要
      人类肠道微生物组在健康和疾病中发挥着核心作用。众所周知，生活方式和饮食等环境因素会塑造肠道微生物组以及这些微生物所携带的抗性基因库；抵抗者。在这项研究中，我们评估了一个地理区域（荷兰）内的长期饮食习惯是否会影响人类肠道抵抗力。通过宏基因组霰弹枪测序（MSS）（n = 149）和抗性捕获测序方法（ResCap）（n = 64). 在所有饮食组中，MSS或ResCap分别检测到119个和145个独特的抗生素抗性基因。根据MSS和ResCap，所有饮食组之间分别共享5个或15个ARG。MSS或ResCap检测到的ARG总数在各组之间没有显著差异。MSS还显示，与其他饮食群体相比，纯素食者具有独特的微生物组组成。与pescatarians相比，素食者的嗜热链球菌和乳酸乳球菌丰度较低，与杂食动物相比，嗜热链球菌的丰度较低。总之，我们的研究表明，长期的饮食习惯与特定的耐药性特征无关。
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a central role in health and disease. Environmental factors, such as lifestyle and diet, are known to shape the gut microbiome as well as the reservoir of resistance genes that these microbes harbour; the resistome. In this study we assessed whether long-term dietary habits within a single geographical region (the Netherlands) impact the human gut resistome. Faecal samples from Dutch omnivores, pescatarians, vegetarians and vegans were analysed by metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) (n = 149) and resistome capture sequencing approach (ResCap) (n = 64). Among all diet groups, 119 and 145 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected by MSS or ResCap, respectively. Five or fifteen ARGs were shared between all diet groups, based on MSS and ResCap, respectively. The total number of detected ARGs by MSS or ResCap was not significantly different between the groups. MSS also revealed that vegans have a distinct microbiome composition, compared to other diet groups. Vegans had a lower abundance of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis compared to pescatarians and a lower abundance of S. thermophilus when compared to omnivores. In summary, our study showed that long-term dietary habits are not associated with a specific resistome signature.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05817-4