摘要
      需要一种基于健康领域的方法来将环境中存在的抗生素的出现与革兰氏阴性菌中抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的存在联系起来，这些基因赋予了对兽医和人类健康都很重要的抗生素耐药性。对内布拉斯加州两个受废水和农业径流影响的流域的水样进行了兽医和人类医学中使用的抗生素的检测。还对水样进行了培养，以鉴定存在的细菌。在这些分离的细菌中，能够引起人类感染的革兰氏阴性杆菌进行了抗菌药物敏感性测试和全基因组测序（WGS），以鉴定存在的ARG。在已鉴定的211个细菌分离株中，37个属于已知会引起人类感染的致病属。对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、磷霉素类和喹诺酮类产生耐药性的基因是流域中最常检测到的与水平基因转移（HGT）相关的ARGs。WGS还表明，最近的HGT事件涉及在分水岭分离株和人类和动物来源的细菌之间转移的ARGs。这项研究的结果表明，环境中存在的抗生素和细菌ARGs与潜在的人类和/或兽医健康影响之间存在联系。
ABSTRACT
One Health field-based approaches are needed to connect the occurrence of antibiotics present in the environment with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Gram-negative bacteria that confer resistance to antibiotics important in for both veterinary and human health. Water samples from two Nebraska watersheds influenced by wastewater effluent and agricultural runoff were tested for the presence of antibiotics used in veterinary and human medicine. The water samples were also cultured to identify the bacteria present. Of those bacteria isolated, the Gram-negative rods capable of causing human infections had antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) performed to identify ARGs present. Of the 211 bacterial isolates identified, 37 belonged to pathogenic genera known to cause human infections. Genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fosfomycins, and quinolones were the most frequently detected ARGs associated with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the watersheds. WGS also suggest recent HGT events involving ARGs transferred between watershed isolates and bacteria of human and animal origins. The results of this study demonstrate the linkage of antibiotics and bacterial ARGs present in the environment with potential human and/or veterinary health impacts.

https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/spectrum.02082-21