摘要
      自然环境已被确定为抗微生物耐药性（AMR）扩散和传播的热点。质粒是抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）在环境中持续存在和快速扩散的核心。来源于自然环境并受到人为活动污染的饮用水可能含有抗微生物细菌和ARGs。这篇综述评估了饮用水中质粒介导的AMR（PMRs）的全球发生情况，并确定了质粒研究中的空白。我们证明，无论社会经济背景如何，饮用水中的AMR都是一个普遍存在的问题。β-内酰胺酶blaOXA-、KPC-和NDM型基因是在全球饮用水中发现的一些基因。这些基因编码能够水解碳青霉烯类抗生素的酶，从而产生对最后使用的抗菌药物的耐药性。其他基因包括超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因、blaTEM、blaSHV、blaCTX-M，它们编码对第三代头孢菌素的耐药性；以及粘菌素抗性mcr-1基因。我们强调，迫切需要检测PMR的标准化方法，以更好地了解饮用水中AMR的规模，并采取一种单一的健康方法来应对全球AMR。我们为饮用水中PMR的初步全球分析提出了一种潜在的方法。
Abstract
The natural environment has been identified as a hotspot for the proliferation and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Plasmids are central to the persistence and rapid dispersal of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Drinking water sourced from the natural environment and contaminated by anthropogenic activities may harbour antimicrobial resistant bacteria and ARGs. This review evaluates the global occurrence of plasmid-mediated AMR (PMRs) in drinking water and identifies a gap in plasmid research. We demonstrate that AMR in drinking water is a universal issue, irrespective of socio-economic background. The beta-lactamase blaOXA-, KPC- and NDM-type genes are some of the genes that were identified in drinking water around the globe. These genes encode enzymes capable of hydrolysing carbapenem antibiotics giving rise to resistance against antimicrobials of last resort. Other genes included extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) genes, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M which encode resistance against third generation cephalosporins; as well as the colistin resistance mcr-1 gene. We highlight an urgent need for standardised methods for detecting PMRs to gain a better insight into the scale of AMR in drinking water and a one health approach to tackle global AMR. We suggest a potential methodology for the initial global analysis of PMR in drinking water.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722000278