摘要
      人工湿地是一种基于自然的解决方案，用于处理可能含有残留抗生素浓度的生活和牲畜废水。抗生素可能会对湿地的微生物施加选择压力，从而加剧全球抗生素耐药性问题。这篇综述对CWs中抗生素和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的化学动力学进行了批判性研究。抗生素影响了水煤浆中微生物群落的生物地球化学循环功能，并直接破坏了总氮、总磷和化学需氧量的去除效率，分别降低了22%、9.3%和24%。由于微生物功能和结构的变化与抗生素耐药性的出现和传播有关，抗生素可能会对CWs中的微生物多样性产生不利影响。蓝藻群落似乎特别脆弱，而变形杆菌可以在抗生素污染的湿地中抵抗并持续存在。抗生素在植物中引发兴奋反应，并增加根系活性和分泌物。微生物、植物和底物在抗生素去除中起着至关重要的作用。CWs对三氯生（100%）>恩诺沙星（99.8%）>甲硝唑（99%）>四环素（98.8%）>金霉素（98.4%）>左氧氟沙星（96.69%）>磺胺甲恶唑（91.9%）的去除率较高。这篇综述表明，CWs表现出很高的抗生素去除能力，但ARGs的绝对丰度增加，这表明CWs是ARGs潜在的热点。未来的研究应侧重于特定的细菌反应和对微生物相互作用的影响。
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions for treating domestic and livestock wastewater which may contain residual antibiotics concentration. Antibiotics may exert selection pressure on wetland’s microbes, thereby increasing the global antibiotics resistance problems. This review critically examined the chemodynamics of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in CWs. Antibiotics affected the biogeochemical cycling function of microbial communities in CWs and directly disrupted the removal efficiency of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand by 22%, 9.3%, and 24%, respectively. Since changes in microbial function and structure are linked to the emergence and propagation of antibiotic resistance, antibiotics could adversely affect microbial diversity in CWs. The cyanobacteria community seemed to be particularly vulnerable, while Proteobacteria could resist and persist in antibiotics contaminated wetlands. Antibiotics triggered excitation responses in plants and increased the root activities and exudates. Microbes, plants, and substrates play crucial roles in antibiotic removal. High removal efficiency was exhibited for triclosan (100%) > enrofloxacin (99.8%) > metronidazole (99%) > tetracycline (98.8%) > chlortetracycline (98.4%) > levofloxacin (96.69%) > sulfamethoxazole (91.9%) by the CWs. This review showed that CWs exhibited high antibiotics removal capacity, but the absolute abundance of ARGs increased, suggesting CWs are potential hotspots for ARGs. Future research should focus on specific bacterial response and impact on microbial interactions.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421024638