摘要
      动物抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的污染是一个严重的问题，因为它们可能会传播给人类致病菌。因此，减少牲畜粪便中的ARG污染至关重要。高固体厌氧消化（HSAD）是一种新的有效技术，尽管在某些方面，如ARGs在不同反应阶段的变化特征，尚未得到充分的研究。本研究首先关注HSAD系统中不同反应阶段ARGs的变化，采用五种不同的启动方法：1种自然启动（对照）和4种通过改变渗滤液回流形式的快速启动。结果表明，快速启动方法可以加速启动，使沼气产量增加312.5%。与其他阶段相比，启动和酸化阶段表现出更高的微生物丰富度和多样性。在酸化阶段发现ARGs减少。ARGs在起始和酸化阶段的变化主要是由微生物群落、可移动遗传元素（MGE）和环境因素共同驱动的；而天然气生产阶段的主要促成因素是生物量和几个无法解释的因素。在结束阶段，主要的驱动因素是生物量和微生物群落。ARG的大多数潜在宿主（16/20）属于厚壁菌门，在天然气生产阶段与ARG的联系最低。
Abstract
Contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from animals is a serious issue as they may spread to human pathogenic bacteria. The reduction of ARG contamination from livestock waste is thus essential. High solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) is a new and effective technology although some aspects, such as change characteristics of ARGs at different reaction stages, have not been fully investigated. This study focused firstly on the variations in ARGs at different reaction stages in HSAD systems with five different starting methods: 1 natural start (the control) and 4 rapid starts by changing leachate reflux forms. The results showed that the rapid starting methods could accelerate start-up and increase biogas production by 312.5%. The starting and acidification stages showed higher microbial richness and diversity compared with the other stages. ARGs found to be reduced at acidification stage. Variation in ARGs at the starting and acidification stages was mainly driven by a combination of microbial community, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and environmental factors; while the main contributory factors at the gas production stage were biomass and several unexplained factors. At the ending stage, the main driving factors were biomass and microbial communities. Most of the potential hosts (16/20) of the ARGs belonged to the Firmicutes phylum, which showed the lowest connections with the ARGs at the gas production stage.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122012465