摘要
      本研究旨在对高抗生素压力环境中人畜共患病原体的抗生素耐药性特征（ARCH）进行区域调查，以观察抗生素应用的未来趋势。在这项研究中，对四川盆地约180000平方公里的动物病原体进行了ARCH分析，估计抗生素的高应用量超过2000吨。2013-2021年期间，共分离到来自9个物种的388株细菌。结果表明，四川盆地病原菌抗性呈动态变化，没有明显的时间趋势。在该区域检测到54种抗生素耐药性表型（ARPs）中的52种和180/218种抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）。在β-内酰胺、磺胺和四环素的分类中，抗生素耐药性的检出率相对较高，ARPs为33-58%，ARGs约为29.7%。陆生动物分离株的ARPs和ARGs通常高于水生动物。大多数病原体携带5-11个ARPs，每个分离物平均携带19.7个ARGs。我们的结果表明，在高抗生素压力下，ARGs有复杂的积累。此外，与世界卫生组织的数据相比，四川盆地的独特菌株并没有表现出更高的耐药性，这可能是由于适应成本的原因。然而，复杂的ARCH在高压下仍然值得注意，以防止超级耐药细菌的出现。
Abstract
The study aimed to perform a regional investigation of the antibiotic resistance characteristics (ARCHs) of zoonotic pathogens in environments of high antibiotic pressure to observe the future trend of antibiotic application. In this study, an ARCH analysis of the animal pathogens was conducted in the Sichuan Basin with an area of about 180,000 km2 and an estimated high antibiotic application exceeding 2000 tons. A total of 388 bacterial strains from nine species were isolated during 2013–2021. The results showed a dynamic change in the pathogen resistance in the Sichuan Basin with no apparent temporal trend. Fifty-two of 54 antibiotic resistance phenotypes (ARPs) and 180/218 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in this region. The antibiotic resistance in the classification of β-lactam, sulfanilamide, and tetracycline had a relatively high detective rate, with 33–58% of ARPs and about 29.7% of ARGs. The isolates from terrestrial animals generally had higher ARPs and ARGs than aquatic animals. Most pathogens carried 5–11 ARPs, and each isolate carried 19.7 ARGs on average. Our result showed that there was a complicated accumulation of ARGs under high antibiotic pressure. Besides, the unique strain in the Sichuan Basin did not show higher resistance rates compared with the World Health Organization data, possibly due to fitness cost. However, the complex ARCH under high pressure still deserves attention to prevent the emergence of super-resistant bacteria.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479722010544